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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Diabetes drug may repair the brain
Toronto study points to possible treatment
Dr. Freda Miller (CP)
TORONTO -- A drug commonly used to control Type 2 diabetes can help trigger stem cells to produce new brain cells, providing hope of a potential means to treat brain injuries and even neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, researchers say.
A study by scientists at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children found the drug metformin helps activate the mechanism that signals stem cells to generate neurons and other brain cells.
"If you could take stem cells that normally reside in our brains and somehow use drugs to recruit them into becoming appropriate neural cell types, then you may be able to promote repair and recovery in at least some of the many brain disorders and injuries for which we currently have no treatment," said principal investigator Freda Miller.
"This work is happening against a background of a lot of excitement in the stem-cell field about the idea that since we now know that we have stem cells in many of our adult tissues, then perhaps if we could figure out how to pharmacologically tweak those stem cells, then perhaps we could help to promote tissue repair," added Miller, a senior scientist at SickKids.
The research, published online Thursday in the journal Cell Stem Cell, involved lab-dish experiments using both mouse and human brain stem cells, as well as learning and memory tests performed on live mice given the drug.
Researchers started by adding metformin to stem cells from the brains of mice, then repeated the experiment with human brain stem cells generated in the lab. In both cases, the stem cells gave rise to new brain cells.
They then tested the drug in lab mice and found that those given daily doses of metformin for two or three weeks had increased brain cell growth and outperformed rodents not given the drug in learning and memory tasks.
Miller said it was serendipity that led the team to conduct the study. About 18 months ago, they found a pathway known as PKC-CBP that signalled embryonic neural stem cells to make brain cells. At about the same time, some U.S. collaborators at Johns Hopkins University found the same pathway was activated by metformin in liver cells -- the means by which the drug controls glucose levels that go awry in diabetes.
Based on those findings, Miller's team thought metformin might activate the same pathway in neural stem cells.
"I love this story because it's a classic example of how very basic research into how things work has led to a potential therapeutic endpoint," she enthused.
-- The Canadian Press
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition July 6, 2012 A16
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