Tasting — and testing — nature’s bounty The ancient practice of foraging gains popularity and prickly pushback By: AV Kitching Posted: 5:03 PM CDT Tuesday, Jun. 6, 2023 Last Modified: 12:34 PM CDT Wednesday, Jun. 7, 2023 Updates

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This article was published 06/06/2023 (1151 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.

Erica Lindell prepares a salad with aromatic yarrow, earthy plantain, bitter dandelion and sweet clover leaves. On her kitchen counter there are wraps filled with lambsquarters (a green annual also known as white goosefoot) and, on the stove, a wild chanterelle risotto.

Dessert is spruce tip cookies and stinging nettle cake, with iced tea made from wild violet, lilac and rose petals to quench the thirst.

It’s a feast Lindell has foraged from the land surrounding her homestead in Eastern Manitoba, where she lives with her partner and their five children. Approximately 70 per cent of the food they consume is foraged or comes from their garden.

“For my family, we forage with the season,” Lindell says. “It’s a major part of our lifestyle; we use what a lot of people call weeds for food. We buy from the grocery store but we are also out foraging almost daily.”

A Métis woman, Lindell grew up on an acreage with her parents and siblings. By the time she was four years old, she was out on a trapline, hunting and fishing. She’s been out looking for berries and mushrooms for as long as she can remember.

“I grew up doing this. My parents taught me about the relationship with the land. They taught me how to create a good, sustainable, ethical one,” she explains.

Humans have been foraging since time began. Long before we farmed, we foraged, acquiring food from our environment in order to sustain us. It’s an ancient practice that has experienced a resurgence in recent times.

“For my family, we forage with the season… we use what a lot of people call weeds for food.”–Erica Lindell

Wendy Pearce, who forages for wild vegetables, herbs, mushrooms and berries in the Interlake area surrounding her home, says she feels a “primitive and primal” sense of pride when she goes out into the wild.

“When you go into a field, come out with clothing, shelter, food, it is very meaningful on an innate level,” she says. “I bring my children to forage for blueberries, saskatoon berries, all the better-known plants… they are 14, 12, and five and they love to go into the fields to find strawberries to have for their breakfast; what a beautiful life,” she says.

But renewed interest has also exposed some rather dubious practices within certain sections of the foraging community.

In a Facebook group, Foraging Manitoba, some attitudes are hostile.

A post from the Free Press seeking foragers to interview was met with hostility from certain members, with one person flatly commenting “don’t do it,” while another advised silence, writing “keep your spots secret.”

There are as many people who share their knowledge freely as there are others who openly admit to clipping down bushes and hiding bountiful spots so nobody else can find them.

A heated online debate broke out over the ethical implications of selling foraged food, with both sides adamant that theirs was the right answer.

Should foragers benefit financially from harvesting free food from the land? If spots are hidden and revisited seasonally, has the definition of foraging changed?

“If you are selling what you forage, you are like a farmer of a different feather. You may not be growing what you’re selling, but you’re taking the risk to procure the food, and your time is worth money,” says Pearce, who is currently writing a foraging guide for southern Manitoba. Her book, Foraging for a Meaningful Life, is sectioned seasonally, starting from late winter through to autumn.

“People think it’s easy work, but just because it’s free for the finding doesn’t mean it’s easy.”–Wendy Pearce

For her, balance is key.

“If you can do it sustainably, go for it!” she says. “People think it’s easy work, but just because it’s free for the finding doesn’t mean it’s easy.”

However she draws the line at hiding spots, calling it “unconscionably greedy.”

“The earth gives freely to us. You don’t take more than what you need, you share what you have and freely share as the earth has shared with you,” she says.

While Lindell doesn’t sell the food she forages, she does create products such as salves made from poplar and pine resin, mushroom and dandelion root instant coffee granules, and herbal bath products, which she sells on her website.

For her, it’s about the person and their intentions.

“We are paying people for their time to go out and hunt morels, not the item itself,” she says. “If it is done in an ethical and sustainable way then have at it.”

Naturalist Barret Miller, who runs foraging workshops at FortWhyte Alive, says large-scale foraging or “using up rather than simply using a resource” will have ripple effects throughout the ecosystem. However, when done properly, foraging has very little impact on habitat as no large-scale landscape changes take place.

“I do have a problem if people are using up a resource for their own personal gain without thought for others,” he says. “We need to teach ethics with all our interactions with nature. Stick to public places, take what you need and never more. Think, ‘What does it look like for the next person on the trail… am I compromising the ecological integrity of the place?’”

Gathering food from the land seems a wholesome premise at first glance. But if too many people harvest too much of something, won’t wildlife and surrounding habitats be at risk? Is nature’s larder able to infinitely replenish or should there be foraging regulations similar to those associated with hunting and fishing licences?

“If done ethically, as has been done by traditional harvesters and by those who learn and respect land ethics nowadays, the impact on wildlife food supply is minimal,” Miller says. “Animals tend to be better at getting forageable food first, before people have a chance.

“If people are not respecting those ethics, then perhaps we need something more, but right now I have not seen an impact that would require regulations. I think there are protected areas that should remain protected, and I support the right of Indigenous people to hunt, fish and forage to feed their families.”

Lindell says it’s important to teach people how to have an ethical relationship with the environment. She runs foraging classes in the lands surrounding her homestead, teaching adults and children how to identify edible plants.

“We are supposed to be stewards of the land; maybe it should go back to learning how to decolonize our relationship with the land,” she says. “If you are going to take something, then give something back. Creator is giving to us, so we should be giving back. You can put a strand of hair down, you can sing a song, you can say a prayer or a word of thanks.”

For Pearce, who also runs foraging classes during the growing season, the practice should be celebrated as a human right.

“I do not think people should need a licence to forage,” she says. “True foragers should seek community where others may seek competition. You don’t take more than you need, you share what you have and freely share as it has been shared with you.”

“I do not think people should need a licence to forage… True foragers should seek community where others may seek competition.”–Wendy Pearce

Miller says knowledge that is not shared can be lost.

“There has to be respect for the land, respect for the place, respect for the plant. I would rather people start with a good ethical grounding and learn to do things safely.

“If something is secret, then only a few people know the knowledge and that is not good for us.”

av.kitching@winnipegfreepress.com