Canada must not accept another Iranian autocracy

Iran is a state run by a radical government victimizing its citizens and its neighbours. How do we change that? Any regime change that repeats the mistakes of the past is not a solution.

What went wrong in the past which led to the current regime? One answer is the U.K. and American aided coup which led to the ouster in 1953 of a democratically elected government headed at the time by Mohammad Mossadegh and its replacement with an American friendly autocrat, the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

The Shah imposed his rule through the Iranian National Intelligence and Security Organization — SAVAK, the acronym of its Persian name. SAVAK systematically inflicted torture, arbitrary killings and extra-judicial killings on perceived opponents of the regime. It was only a matter of time before repression of a regime directed to serving foreign interests would be overthrown.

What replaced the regime of the Shah, in 1979, the current regime of the mullahs, is a regime as intolerant and violent as the regime of the Shah and then some. That was not inevitable. But neither was it surprising. The vicious nature of the current regime, following the example set by the Shah, and its hatred for the United States, reacting to the U.S. aided imposition of the Shah, both echoes and reacts to the past. In 1979, the U.S. reaped what it sowed in 1953.

So, if we are to learn anything from the mistakes of the past in Iran, we would not want to see yet another U.S. aided regime change with an imposition of a U.S. preferred autocrat to rule the state. The Shah of Iran died in 1980. His eldest son Reza Pahlavi now wants to succeed his father as ruler of Iran. Reza Pahlavi is American friendly, engaged in direct communication with those responsible for repression in the current regime and refuses to criticize the repression of the regime of his father.

Being American friendly on its own is not a disqualification for any potential regime anywhere. But seeking the support of those engaged in repression, being silent about repression, certainly are.

Reza Pahlavi is astute enough not to say that he wants to detain, torture and kill anyone who disagrees with him. Yet, he communicates with and refuses to distance himself from those who do, in effect, say that.

Though in 2012 Reza Pahlavi condemned the repression of the regime of his father, his later statements have been nowhere near as straightforward. The current regime embodiment of SAVAK and vehicle for repression is the IRGC, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps. On TV, in 2018, Reza Pahlavi said: “I am in bilateral contacts with the (regime’s) military, the IRGC and the Basij (a militia component of the IRGC). We are communicating. They are signaling their readiness and expressing willingness to align with the people.”

What the IRGC refers to euphemistically, as “aligning with the people” means using the same repression they now use for the mullahs to sustain in power a regime that Reza Pahlavi would lead. The only communication those who respect rights should have with the IRGC should address whether the IRGC would submit to justice and plead guilty to the crimes they have committed.

At rallies supporting the return of the Shah to power in the guise of his oldest son, some have flown banners and worn T-shirts emblazoned with the emblem of SAVAK. The response of Reza Pahlavi, when asked in June 2026 about that support, was: “I don’t want to get into a historical analysis of whether that organization (SAVAK) acted correctly or incorrectly, what it was not. I will only say that it is a controversial issue.”

Whether there should or should not be systematic torture, arbitrary killings and extra-judicial killings of perceived opponents of a regime is not a controversial issue. That sort of behaviour is unequivocally wrong.

The communication of Reza Pahvlavi with the IRGC and his ambiguity about SAVAK are, on their own, disconcerting. Given Iranian history, his language and behaviour are fair warning.

Who should succeed the current regime of the mullahs should be left to Iranians to decide. Yet, we who are not Iranian can reasonably say who should not succeed.

The communication of the son of the Shah with the IRGC and his evasiveness about SAVAK send a signal that his assumption of power could mean the return of SAVAK or the continuation in power of the IRGC, with an inevitable counter-revolution to follow.

If we want deradicalization in Iran, we need more than regime change. We need a successor regime committed upfront to human rights, the rule of law and democratic values. Looking for that sort of change with Reza Pahlavi is looking in the wrong place.

David Matas is an international human rights lawyer based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada