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The Free Press Social Studies Grade 11: History of Canada Education Subject Defining Contemporary Canada 1982-Present

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Defining Contemporary Canada 1982-Present

Please review each article prior to use: grade-level applicability and curricular alignment might not be obvious from the headline alone.

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Pimicikamak Cree Nation chief David Monias, left, proposed a resolution that calls on the federal government to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech at the Assembly of First Nations annual general assembly in Ottawa, Tuesday.

Manitoba chiefs behind renewed effort to criminalize residential school denialism

Scott Billeck 4 minute read Preview

Manitoba chiefs behind renewed effort to criminalize residential school denialism

Scott Billeck 4 minute read Wednesday, Jul. 15, 2026

First Nations chiefs from across the country have unanimously passed an emergency resolution that calls on the federal government to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech.

The resolution was adopted Tuesday at the Assembly of First Nations annual general assembly in Ottawa. It was introduced by David Monias, chief of Pimicikamak Cree Nation in Manitoba and seconded by Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak Grand Chief Garrison Settee.

“We must honour the survivors and we must honour every child who never came home,” Monias said Wednesday. “We must also support every person who was left behind and those children who never returned home. We are left to mourn those children. They would have been our grandfathers today, our grandparents.”

The federal government estimates about 150,000 Indigenous children attended residential schools.

Read
Wednesday, Jul. 15, 2026
JOHN WOODS / THE CANADIAN PRESS FILES
                                The Port of Churchill will ship grain this summer.

Grain latest Port of Churchill shipment

Free Press staff 2 minute read Preview

Grain latest Port of Churchill shipment

Free Press staff 2 minute read Wednesday, Jul. 15, 2026

Prairie grain will soon ship out of the Port of Churchill for the first time in at least five years.

Read
Wednesday, Jul. 15, 2026
Chief Allan Adam of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation speaks during a press conference in Fort McMurray, Alta. on Friday May 30, 2014. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jason Franson

Alberta First Nation sues Ottawa over $5 treaty annuity, argues amount stuck in 1899

Jack Farrell, The Canadian Press 2 minute read Preview

Alberta First Nation sues Ottawa over $5 treaty annuity, argues amount stuck in 1899

Jack Farrell, The Canadian Press 2 minute read Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026

EDMONTON - A northern Alberta First Nation is suing the federal government to increase its annual treaty annuity payments.

Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Chief Allan Adam says the $5 his members receive every year is an amount that's stuck in 1899, when Treaty 8 was signed.

The payments date back to the signing of treaties across the country more than a century ago and were meant to provide assistance to First Nations members.

Depending on the treaty, annuity payments made to First Nations members across Canada total either $4 or $5, and have never increased.

Read
Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026
A Canadian flag flies over the Prime Minister's Office near Parliament Hill in Ottawa, on Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Spencer Colby

Canada pauses applications for parent, grandparent immigration sponsorship program

Sarah Ritchie, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview

Canada pauses applications for parent, grandparent immigration sponsorship program

Sarah Ritchie, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026

OTTAWA - The federal government will not accept any new applications this year from people who want to sponsor their parents and grandparents to come to Canada as permanent residents under a program meant to promote family reunification.

The Immigration Department said the change is part of an effort to responsibly manage the system and reduce wait times.

In a statement posted online Wednesday, the department said interest in the program continues to exceed the number of available spaces.

There are 60,500 applications in progress already and wait times for processing sit at around 33 months, or up to 66 months in Quebec.

Read
Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026
An attendee places children's shoes in memory of victims of Canada's residential school system during a ceremony on Truth and Reconciliation Day in Ottawa on Monday, Sept. 30, 2024. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Sean Kilpatrick
No Subscription Required

Chiefs call on feds to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview
No Subscription Required

Chiefs call on feds to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026

OTTAWA - First Nations chiefs say the federal government is enabling residential school denialism by failing to make it a crime.

The chiefs passed an emergency resolution at the Assembly of First Nations general meeting in Ottawa on Tuesday calling on the feds to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech.

"Truth is not optional and reconciliation cannot exist without truth," said Chief David Monias of Pimicikamak Cree Nation.

"We must honour the survivors and we must honour every child who never came home."

Read
Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026
Prime Minister Mark Carney speaks at a meeting with premiers in Ottawa on Thursday, Jan. 29, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang

Feds, most provinces get top marks on internal trade — but more work to be done

Craig Lord, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

Feds, most provinces get top marks on internal trade — but more work to be done

Craig Lord, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026

OTTAWA - The federal government has gone from a C student to top of the class in its work to advance internal trade between provinces, says the Canadian Federation of Independent Business.

In the federation's latest annual report card on internal trade, the federal government jumped to an A-plus from the C grade it got in 2025.

The report card released Wednesday by the advocacy group for small businesses said Canada has made unprecedented progress toward breaking down internal trade barriers long considered a self-imposed drag on the domestic economy.

The International Monetary Fund estimates that removing internal trade barriers could boost Canada's real gross domestic product by $210 billion over the long term.

Read
Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026

Canadian AI: What kind, and who will own it

Fred Wilson and Robert Chernomas 5 minute read Wednesday, Jul. 15, 2026

What is it we should fear about AI? That it will take our jobs? Overload our electricity networks and make our own energy needs more expensive? Put scarce freshwater resources at risk? Or is it that it will be unregulated, breach privacy laws and be used for a wide range of perverse purposes?

If Canadians are among the most distrustful of the AI revolution, it isn’t because they are uninformed or technologically regressive. Their reluctance is because there is no plan for Canadian AI guided by an overarching public interest.

To the contrary, the hundreds of AI data centre proposals in Canada are driven by an investor frenzy completely disconnected from Canadian needs or economic and social goals.

A Canadian Press freedom of information request from the federal government revealed that power demands from current proposals total more than 20 GW, a massive capacity comparable to the total power needs of all Canadian households, and 25 times greater than the roughly 850 MW the federal government has projected that known sovereign AI proposals will reach by 2030.

Assembly of First Nations National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak speaks at the annual First Nations Major Projects Coalition conference in Toronto on Thursday, April 30, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Sammy Kogan

Chief says assembly will tackle effect of major projects push on First Nations rights

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview

Chief says assembly will tackle effect of major projects push on First Nations rights

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Tuesday, Jul. 14, 2026

OTTAWA - Major projects and a coming meeting with Prime Minister Mark Carney and the premiers will be the main focus of the Assembly of First Nations annual general assembly this week, National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak said Monday.

The AFN gathering begins Tuesday and runs for three days.

Speaking alongside a handful of regional chiefs and First Nations representatives at a news conference, Woodhouse Nepinak blasted the federal government over its approach to major projects development and said it could threaten the rights of First Nations.

She said First Nations are not opposed to economic growth and are simply asking for a seat at the table as the federal government attempts to shore up the economy.

Read
Tuesday, Jul. 14, 2026
Anaheim Ducks defenceman Jacob Trouba, left, puts pressure on Edmonton Oilers centre Connor McDavid during the third period of Game 6 in the first round of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup playoffs series Thursday, April 30, 2026, in Anaheim, Calif. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)

bet365 expands Canadian footprint with launch in Alberta’s gaming market

Dan Ralph, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

bet365 expands Canadian footprint with launch in Alberta’s gaming market

Dan Ralph, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Tuesday, Jul. 14, 2026

Trip Stoddard and bet365 are expanding their Canadian footprint.

Alberta officially opened its regulated sports betting and iGaming market Monday, becoming the second Canadian province to do so. Ontario became the first to offer a regulated, private market for online gaming April 4, 2022.

And like it did in Ontario, bet365 is among the operators that will set up shop in Alberta.

“Canada is a key market for bet365, and cementing our brand’s presence in Alberta marks another milestone in our long-term commitment to Canadian sports fans,” said Stoddard, head of development at bet365. "We're proud to work alongside Alberta's regulators to give fans a trusted platform to engage with the sports they love through a responsible, world-class experience."

Read
Tuesday, Jul. 14, 2026
Matt Goerzen/The Brandon Sun files
                                Manitoba Hydro is still betting on natural gas generating stations — like this one in Brandon — instead of considering battery storage solutions for peak energy needs.

If it works in Ontario, why not in Manitoba?

James Wilt 5 minute read Preview

If it works in Ontario, why not in Manitoba?

James Wilt 5 minute read Monday, Jul. 13, 2026

Grid-scale battery storage has fundamentally changed the global energy landscape — and Manitoba needs to get on board.

Battery systems store large amounts of excess electricity for when it’s most needed. While they can be charged from any generation source, they are especially beneficial for integrating wind and solar power, which vary with weather and time of day. Batteries allow electrical grids to meet the need for firm, dispatchable and affordable capacity using renewable energy, rather than relying on coal, nuclear and fossil gas. They also provide numerous other benefits, including reducing overloading of transmission infrastructure and helping to regulate the grid’s frequency and voltage.

Average costs for grid-scale batteries plummeted by more than half between 2023 and 2025 and installations have skyrocketed in China, the U.S., Australia and Europe. Texas now has 16,500 megawatts (MW) of battery storage, while California has 15,200 MW. Closer to home, Ontario recently awarded 640 MW of contracts to three battery storage projects in a competitive auction, with batteries beating out fossil gas-fired power plants on cost every time. One of these projects will be built near Dryden, only four hours east of Winnipeg.

Each battery system will provide eight hours of capacity but will cost considerably less than Ontario’s previous battery procurements, which provide only four hours of capacity. With this latest auction, Ontario has now secured 3,600 MW of battery storage capacity, including the operational Oneida (250 MW), Hagersville (300 MW) and Napanee (250 MW) projects. Almost all have significant Indigenous participation, with the latest procurements boasting 50 per cent First Nations ownership.

Read
Monday, Jul. 13, 2026
A conceptual illustration of a statue of Samuel de Champlain, proposed to be installed at a city park in Orillia, Ont., is shown in this undated handout image. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout - City of Orillia (Mandatory Credit)

Quebec municipalities express interest in Samuel de Champlain statue from Ontario

Erika Morris, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

Quebec municipalities express interest in Samuel de Champlain statue from Ontario

Erika Morris, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Monday, Jul. 13, 2026

Some Quebec municipalities and organizations are offering to take a controversial statue of Samuel de Champlain from an Ontario city in Simcoe County.

The nearly four-metre-tall bronze monument of the 17th century explorer and founder of Quebec City was removed from a park in Orillia, Ont., and placed in storage in 2017 following debate over its colonial imagery.

Orillia Mayor Don McIsaac said a wave of offers poured in after the city recently raised the possibility of melting the statue down.

“They say it's racist, it's not our history, it is an insult to Indigenous peoples,” McIsaac said in an interview about the controversy over the statue.

Read
Monday, Jul. 13, 2026
The Senate of Canada building and Senate Chamber are pictured in Ottawa on Monday, Feb. 18, 2019. CANADIAN PRESS/Sean Kilpatrick

Canada’s Senate: A glimpse at the operations of the upper chamber

Catherine Morrison, The Canadian Press 7 minute read Preview

Canada’s Senate: A glimpse at the operations of the upper chamber

Catherine Morrison, The Canadian Press 7 minute read Monday, Jul. 13, 2026

OTTAWA - Prime Minister Mark Carney made his first appointments to the Senate on Tuesday, naming four new senators to the upper chamber. They include Carney's principal secretary Tom Pitfield and Conservative MP Richard Martel, who will both fill seats from Quebec.

He also announced he is dropping the non-partisan criteria for appointments to the upper chamber, and plans to rejig the independent appointments advisory committee established by former prime minister Justin Trudeau.

Those were just some of the changes Trudeau made to the Senate, which had been dogged by accusations of cronyism and spending scandals.

Here's a look at the role the Senate plays, and how the Senate has changed in the last 10 years.

Read
Monday, Jul. 13, 2026

AI ownership is not security

Devi Narayan 4 minute read Saturday, Jul. 11, 2026

I spent years as an investigator with the Toronto Police and watched organizations pour money into firewalls, monitoring systems and security audits to protect against cybercriminals. Breaches still happened, but we generally understood the problem. We knew what we were defending, how attacks worked and how to reduce risk.

Today, most discussion about AI security focuses on how powerful models could help attackers find software vulnerabilities or automate cyberattacks. Those concerns are real, and they deserve attention, but are only half of the story.

Far less attention is paid to the question of how we secure the AI systems themselves.

If you have used a chatbot to draft a work email, asked an AI tool to summarize a report or let your phone suggest a reply to a text message, you have relied on the judgment of a machine. Most of us have done this without thinking twice.

TIM SMITH / THE BRANDON SUN FILES
                                Manitoba Premier Wab Kinew

Pipeline could be Kinew’s legacy or a slick disappointment

Dan Lett 5 minute read Preview

Pipeline could be Kinew’s legacy or a slick disappointment

Dan Lett 5 minute read Friday, Jul. 10, 2026

Is Wab Kinew poised to become Manitoba’s Pipeline King?

Developments on several fronts are giving Manitoba’s premier the opportunity to make oil and gas pipelines not only the cornerstone of his current economic policy, but also the lasting legacy from his time governing the province.

On the one hand, Prime Minister Mark Carney has promised significant sums of federal money to develop the Port of Churchill into the major shipping hub it has always aspired to be. The catch is that Manitoba must come up with a firm plan to ship liquefied natural gas (LNG) through the port by 2030, a goal that almost certainly requires a pipeline.

At the same time, Alberta Premier Danielle Smith, Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe and, most recently, Ontario Premier Doug Ford are signing deals to build LNG pipelines that connect western oil fields to major shipping hubs in eastern Canada.

Read
Friday, Jul. 10, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                Wind turbines in southern Manitoba.

Westman residents fear power project’s wind turbines will sully their idyllic landscape

Julia-Simone Rutgers 16 minute read Preview

Westman residents fear power project’s wind turbines will sully their idyllic landscape

Julia-Simone Rutgers 16 minute read Friday, Jul. 10, 2026

POLONIA — Leonard Kaspick can list just about every household in the valley.

“There’s someone living right across the northeast, someone living behind here, about a quarter mile there’s a house there, then a half mile there’s another house there, I’m here, and then on top of the hill there’s someone else there,” he says, standing in the heart of the hamlet — a community hall just off the main drag.

Besides the hall and the smattering of homes, there’s a historic (though out-of-commission) church next door and a single general store further down the road.

“There’s less people here now than there was in 1885,” Kaspick, 83, jokes as he wraps up a condensed history of the western-Manitoba community.

Read
Friday, Jul. 10, 2026
Trainee pipe fitters learn their trade at a union facility in Calgary, Friday, May 15, 2026.THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jeff McIntosh

FIFA World Cup, youth job gains gave the labour market a lift in June

Craig Lord, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

FIFA World Cup, youth job gains gave the labour market a lift in June

Craig Lord, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Saturday, Jul. 11, 2026

OTTAWA - The FIFA World Cup and a better summer jobs market for young workers appeared to drive steady gains in Canada's labour market last month.

Employers added 18,000 jobs in June, Statistics Canada said Friday, mostly in part-time and private sector work.

That pushed the unemployment rate down a tenth of a point to 6.5 per cent, back to where it stood in January.

Employment gains narrowly topped economists’ expectations heading into the release but mark a slowdown from the 88,000 jobs added in May.

Read
Saturday, Jul. 11, 2026

Manitoba needs clean, publicly owned data centres

Hersh Seth 5 minute read Friday, Jul. 10, 2026

Some might disagree, but I believe Winnipeg needs an AI data centre.

Meta, the tech giant behind Facebook and Instagram, says it's building a new AI date centre in Sturgeon County, Alta. The facility, shown in this rendered image, will be a one-gigawatt, nearly 270,000-square-metre data centre powered by a natural gas-fired plant. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout - Sturgeon Data Centre (Mandatory Credit)

Keeping cool: How Meta plans to cut down on water use at its Alberta data centre

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

Keeping cool: How Meta plans to cut down on water use at its Alberta data centre

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Friday, Jul. 10, 2026

CALGARY - A Meta Platforms Inc. executive garnered applause at a news conference this week after he boasted that a gargantuan data centre planned for north of Edmonton would use less water annually than a typical Alberta golf course.

The tech behemoth was announcing a $13-billion-plus investment in a complex the size of 33 Canadian Football League fields. It will be powered by a new natural gas plant that could eventually produce more electricity than what the City of Edmonton uses.

The data centre in Sturgeon County, like other hyperscale proposals in Canada, is to use what's known as a closed-loop cooling system to keep servers from overheating. That differs from an evaporative cooling system, which requires enormous amounts of cool water that is not reused.

Gary Demasi, vice-president of data centre strategy and development at Meta, told a news conference Wednesday that no water will be needed for regular cooling operations.

Read
Friday, Jul. 10, 2026
Secretary of State for Sport Adam van Koeverden speaks during a news conference in Vancouver, on Friday, May 1, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Ethan Cairns

Canada objects to Olympics loosening restrictions on Russia athletes amid Ukraine war

Dylan Robertson, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

Canada objects to Olympics loosening restrictions on Russia athletes amid Ukraine war

Dylan Robertson, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Friday, Jul. 10, 2026

OTTAWA - Canada objected on Thursday to the International Olympic Committee loosening its suspension on Russian athletes.

The move, announced Tuesday, would apply to the 2028 games in Los Angeles, opening the door for Russian athletes to compete, but the IOC says it will decide later if they could do it with the Russian flag and anthem.

"I am appalled by the IOC’s decision," wrote Secretary of State for sport Adam van Koeverden, a former Olympian.

"The countries of Russia and Belarus should not be represented in international sports competitions while Russia's illegal and unjustifiable full-scale invasion against Ukraine continues," he wrote.

Read
Friday, Jul. 10, 2026
A Meta logo is shown on a video screen at LlamaCon 2025, an AI developer conference, in Menlo Park, Calif., Tuesday, April 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu)

Meta to build $13B data centre north of Edmonton, its first in Canada

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

Meta to build $13B data centre north of Edmonton, its first in Canada

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Thursday, Jul. 9, 2026

CALGARY - The tech behemoth behind Facebook and Instagram says it plans to make Alberta home to its first artificial intelligence data centre in Canada and its largest outside the United States.

Meta announced Wednesday that the $13-billion-plus project is to be built in Sturgeon County, in the Industrial Heartland region north of Edmonton.

The one-gigawatt, nearly 270,000-square-metre data centre would be powered by a natural gas-fired plant to be built by a consortium that includes Calgary-based Pembina Pipeline Ltd.

It takes about 1.4 gigawatts to power Edmonton, and the proposed data centre campus could fit 33 Canadian Football League fields.

Read
Thursday, Jul. 9, 2026
The area of Olds, Alta., where Synapse Real Estate Corp. is planning a data centre complex with 1.4 gigawatts of natural gas-fired power generation is shown on Thursday, June 4, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Lauren Krugel

Data centre capacity could soar to 20 GW in planned projects: government document

Anja Karadeglija, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Preview

Data centre capacity could soar to 20 GW in planned projects: government document

Anja Karadeglija, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Thursday, Jul. 9, 2026

OTTAWA - A document prepared for the federal artificial intelligence minister to use when pitching international investors on Canada’s AI ecosystem identifies a massive proposed increase in Canada’s data centre capacity.

But spokespeople for the government pushed back strongly on the figure, saying it is not a projection of the capacity Canada expects to build, and the total capacity will be much less.

It says Canada currently has about 337 megawatts of AI data centre capacity, and there are more than 20 gigawatts — or 20,000 megawatts — in projects that are "under planning or development."

The number was included in a presentation prepared by a government department for Artificial Intelligence Minister Evan Solomon to use with international investors. It was obtained by The Canadian Press through access-to-information.

Read
Thursday, Jul. 9, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS
                                Federal Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation Minister Evan Solomon speaks at a Winnipeg Chamber of Commerce event Tuesday in Winnipeg.

Ottawa tabs $10.2M for AI development, use in Manitoba

Gabrielle Piché 5 minute read Preview

Ottawa tabs $10.2M for AI development, use in Manitoba

Gabrielle Piché 5 minute read Tuesday, Jul. 7, 2026

Drones will replace books in Manitoba’s newest government-funded library. Ottawa has slated $1.14 million for the Manitoba Construction Sector Council, who will oversee the project.

Read
Tuesday, Jul. 7, 2026
Teck Mining Company's zinc and lead smelting and refining complex is pictured in Trail, B.C., on November 26, 2012. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck

Ottawa to invest up to $400 million in Teck critical minerals smelter in B.C.

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

Ottawa to invest up to $400 million in Teck critical minerals smelter in B.C.

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Wednesday, Jul. 8, 2026

The federal government says it will invest up to $400 million into Teck Resources Ltd.'s critical minerals processing operations in southern B.C. as Ottawa looks to shore up supplies of metals used in the defence and green energy sectors.

"We are facing a trade war we did not ask for. We're facing the most volatile geopolitics since the end of World War II, which has led to the biggest energy crisis in modern history. We face technological change at a pace not seen in decades, mainly due to the advent of AI. And we face an accelerating clean energy transition that needs critical minerals," Tim Hodgson, the federal natural resources minister, said in Trail, B.C., on Tuesday.

"Anyone who tells you facing these challenges as a government, or as a nation, is not daunting is not telling the truth."

But Hodgson said the crises are creating an opportunity for Canada.

Read
Wednesday, Jul. 8, 2026
A suborbital launch from Maritime Launch Services' Spaceport Nova Scotia, near Canso, N.S., is seen on June 10, 2026, in this handout photo. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout — Maritime Launch Services Inc. (Mandatory Credit)

German aerospace company signs 10-year deal to use Nova Scotia rocket launch pad

Devin Stevens, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

German aerospace company signs 10-year deal to use Nova Scotia rocket launch pad

Devin Stevens, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Wednesday, Jul. 8, 2026

HALIFAX - The company vying to build Canada’s first commercial rocket launch pad in Nova Scotia has signed a deal with a German aerospace firm that could see orbital launches by 2028.

Halifax-based Maritime Launch Services Ltd. says Germany’s Isar Aerospace plans to build a dedicated complex for its Spectrum rocket at the Nova Scotia company's site near Canso, N.S., on the eastern shore.

The two-stage rocket is designed to carry small- and medium-sized satellites into space. The German company, which has already established its first launch site in Norway, has created a new Canadian subsidiary, Isar Aerospace Canada Inc.

"While every nation needs data from space, almost no nation has the end-to-end capability to access it independently,” Alexandre Dalloneau, Isar’s vice-president of mission and launch operations, said in a statement.

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Wednesday, Jul. 8, 2026
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