Becoming a Sovereign Nation 1867-1931

Please review each article prior to use: grade-level applicability and curricular alignment might not be obvious from the headline alone.

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First World War soldier’s remains traced to Manitoba

Kevin Rollason 6 minute read Preview
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First World War soldier’s remains traced to Manitoba

Kevin Rollason 6 minute read Tuesday, Mar. 24, 2026

More than a century after he was killed by an enemy shell during the First World War in France, the remains of Roblin-area farmer Albert (Bert) Henry Detmold have been identified.

The 33-year-old private, who served with the 107th Overseas Battalion, was killed while digging a trench on the first day of the Battle of Hill 70 on Aug. 15, 1917.

Despite the efforts of the surviving members of the unit to find the dead and wounded, in the midst of enemy attacks that involved mustard gas, Detmold’s remains could not be found.

It wasn’t until August 2020 that a construction crew, doing excavation of a site intended for a new hospital, discovered his remains.

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Tuesday, Mar. 24, 2026
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Some B.C. appraisers adding land-claims clause after Aboriginal title court case

Ashley Joannou, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview
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Some B.C. appraisers adding land-claims clause after Aboriginal title court case

Ashley Joannou, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Updated: Yesterday at 1:43 PM CDT

VICTORIA - An organization representing about 1,200 appraisers in British Columbia says some of its members are adding clauses to their reports noting that current, past, and potential future land claims have not been considered in their valuations.

Allan Beatty, president of the B.C. branch of the Appraisal Institute of Canada, says in a statement that the recent Cowichan Aboriginal title court ruling in B.C. is contributing to speculation that private property rights could be affected.

Beatty says the organization is preparing advice for its members on the appropriate limitation clauses, but discourages the use of "unsubstantiated adjustments that do not reflect the most relevant market data."

In an August 2025 ruling, a B.C. Supreme Court judge confirmed the Cowichan Tribes hold Aboriginal title over about 300 hectares of land on the Fraser River in Richmond, B.C.

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Updated: Yesterday at 1:43 PM CDT
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B.C. chiefs tell MP Aaron Gunn to ‘chillax’ about land acknowledgments

The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview
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B.C. chiefs tell MP Aaron Gunn to ‘chillax’ about land acknowledgments

The Canadian Press 3 minute read Updated: Yesterday at 1:44 PM CDT

VANCOUVER - The chiefs of four British Columbia First Nations have told Conservative member of Parliament Aaron Gunn to "chillax" after he criticized land acknowledgments referring to "unceded territory" at the start of public events.

In a joint statement, the chiefs from the Tla'amin, Homalco, K'omoks and Klahoose nations said that "harmless" land acknowledgments only recognized "the history of the place" where people held events.

The nations said that land acknowledgments "have never seized private property, cancelled a mortgage, repossessed a pickup truck or altered a single title deed anywhere in Canada."

"Chiefs from four First Nations communities are urging the public to please approach Aaron Gunn with no caution whatsoever," their statement issued on Wednesday said.

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Updated: Yesterday at 1:44 PM CDT
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King Charles ‘expressed his concern’ over Alberta separatism in meeting: grand chief

Jack Farrell and Lisa Johnson, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Preview
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King Charles ‘expressed his concern’ over Alberta separatism in meeting: grand chief

Jack Farrell and Lisa Johnson, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Updated: Yesterday at 1:45 PM CDT

EDMONTON - The grand chief of the Confederacy of Treaty Six First Nations says King Charles "expressed his concern" after hearing about Alberta's separatist push in a face-to-face meeting with Indigenous leaders on Wednesday.

Grand Chief Joey Pete, who was part of a delegation of Treaty 6 chiefs who went to Buckingham Palace, said in a news release that the King was "very interested" in what the Indigenous leaders had to say.

"We made him aware of the separatism issue in Alberta and the threat to treaty it represents," the chief said.

"He expressed his concern and committed to learning more."

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Updated: Yesterday at 1:45 PM CDT
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Marc Miller says Musqueam deal has ‘nothing to do with’ private property

The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview
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Marc Miller says Musqueam deal has ‘nothing to do with’ private property

The Canadian Press 3 minute read Updated: Yesterday at 1:51 PM CDT

OTTAWA - Culture Minister Marc Miller says a rights acknowledgment agreement between the federal government and the Musqueam First Nation has "nothing to do with" private property.

He says instead that the agreement signed last month is a small step forward for a First Nation that has been fighting for its rights ever since British Columbia was settled.

The government says the agreement recognizes Musqueam Aboriginal rights "including title within their traditional territory," which the nation asserts is an area encompassing much of Metro Vancouver.

Critics have suggested the agreement could affect private property ownership, but Miller says right-wing parties have been using the issue in a "cynical attempt to try to whip up votes."

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Updated: Yesterday at 1:51 PM CDT
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Precedent-setting Treaty 1 case wraps up

Sheilla Jones and Bill Shead 5 minute read Wednesday, Mar. 4, 2026

A precedent-setting trial that wrapped up in Winnipeg’s Court of King’s Bench at the end of February has called for a court to determine, for the first time in 150 years, whether the value of Treaty 1 annuities is subject to an increase after being frozen at $5 per person since 1875.

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Opposition parties back changes to status rules in Indian Act, Liberals say not yet

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview
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Opposition parties back changes to status rules in Indian Act, Liberals say not yet

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Saturday, Mar. 21, 2026

OTTAWA - All four opposition parties in the House of Commons are backing legislation to change the status rules in the Indian Act to end the "second-generation cutoff."

But the Liberals say that while they support changes to registration eligibility, more consultations with First Nations are needed before the law is amended.

Bill S-2, introduced in the Senate with support from the Liberals, initially sought to restore First Nations status to some 3,500 individuals.

Those individuals' ancestors lost their status before 1985 due to a law that said they could not maintain status if they wanted to vote in federal elections or own property.

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Saturday, Mar. 21, 2026
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Bill aims to give MMF self-government treaty with Canada

Kevin Rollason 3 minute read Preview
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Bill aims to give MMF self-government treaty with Canada

Kevin Rollason 3 minute read Thursday, Feb. 12, 2026

The Manitoba Métis Federation is one step closer to having a self-government treaty with the federal government.

Federal Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Rebecca Alty introduced Bill C-21 Thursday, the Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty, which if passed would be the first self-government treaty with any Métis government in the country.

“This treaty has been 156 years in the making and represents the cherished vision of our ancestors and elders, who fought so hard to preserve our existence and keep the flame of our nationhood alive through the dark times,” MMF president David Chartrand said in a statement.

“This legislation realizes their vision and shows that the fighting spirit of the Red River Métis — Canada’s negotiation partner in Confederation and the founders of Manitoba — can never be dismissed when we stand for what we believe in.”

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Thursday, Feb. 12, 2026
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Gull-Masty signals go-slow approach to changing First Nations status eligibility

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview
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Gull-Masty signals go-slow approach to changing First Nations status eligibility

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Tuesday, Dec. 9, 2025

OTTAWA - Indigenous Services Minister Mandy Gull-Masty says the Assembly of First Nations sent a strong signal to her government to end the second-generation cutoff in the Indian Act, but her government won't make that change without broad consultations with leaders.

At a special assembly in Ottawa last week, First Nations chiefs voted to support Senate amendments to a government bill that would expand eligibility under the Indian Act by eliminating the second-generation cutoff — which prevents individuals from registering for status under the law if they have a parent and a grandparent who did not have status.

The resolution, which passed by consensus during the Assembly of First Nations gathering in Ottawa, also calls on Ottawa to commit to increased funding to offset the cost to their communities of absorbing new members.

The AFN works as an advocacy body for 600 First Nations chiefs who attend biannual meetings to discuss issues and pass resolutions directing the executive committee on how to lobby governments.

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Tuesday, Dec. 9, 2025
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Indigenous artifacts from the Vatican collection return to Canada

Sidhartha Banerjee, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview
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Indigenous artifacts from the Vatican collection return to Canada

Sidhartha Banerjee, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Monday, Dec. 8, 2025

MONTREAL - First Nations, Inuit and Métis leaders welcomed back dozens of Indigenous artifacts released from the Vatican collection at Montreal's airport Saturday.

The 62 items will ultimately be returned to their communities of origin as an act of furthering reconciliation.

Assembly of First Nations National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak said it was an important and emotional moment for all First Nations, and she hoped it would be important for all Canadians.

"We've come a long way, and we have a long way to go," she said at the airport.

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Monday, Dec. 8, 2025
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First Nations sue over oil-rich land

Tyler Searle 4 minute read Preview
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First Nations sue over oil-rich land

Tyler Searle 4 minute read Saturday, Nov. 22, 2025

A pair of First Nations are suing the provincial and federal governments, claiming land and mineral rights to a swath of land in southwestern Manitoba that generates more than $1.3 billion annually from oil and gas production.

Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation and Dakota Tipi First Nation filed a statement of claim in Court of King’s Bench on Thursday calling for a declaration of title and subsurface rights over Manitoba’s portion of the Williston Basin.

The oil-rich basin stretches from southwestern Manitoba into southern Saskatchewan and over the U.S. border. The Manitoba portion hosts at least 14 identified oil fields and is home to all the current oil production in the province, the lawsuit states.

The plaintiffs are claiming rights over the entirety of the basin in Manitoba, including the “right to economically participate in the extraction, development and production of subsurface minerals.”

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Saturday, Nov. 22, 2025
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Senators amend legislation to make it easier to pass on First Nations status

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview
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Senators amend legislation to make it easier to pass on First Nations status

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Thursday, Nov. 20, 2025

OTTAWA - Senators have passed sweeping amendments to a bill that would simplify the transfer of First Nations status between generations, rejecting the federal government's advice to limit its scope.

Bill S-2, introduced in the Senate with support by the Liberal government, was drafted to eliminate some gender inequities in the Indian Act and allow some 6,000 people to become eligible for First Nations status.

Some senators and Indigenous community leaders said the bill didn't go far enough.

On Tuesday, senators changed the legislation to eliminate what is known as the "second-generation cutoff," opting instead for a one-parent rule that would allow First Nations status to be transferred to a child if one of their parents is enrolled.

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Thursday, Nov. 20, 2025
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Our monuments, statues and memorials give form to honouring, grieving lives lost in war

Kevin Rollason 14 minute read Preview
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Our monuments, statues and memorials give form to honouring, grieving lives lost in war

Kevin Rollason 14 minute read Saturday, Nov. 8, 2025

Tucked at the end of a walkway, which dead-ends between the University Centre and the Helen Glass Centre for Nursing on the University of Manitoba campus, stands a monument in memory of students who never returned from the First World War.

Carved from local Tyndall stone and at just over a metre high, it commemorates the 30 medical students, from both the Manitoba Agricultural College, which later became part of the University of Manitoba, and other universities across the western provinces, who were killed while serving with the 11th Canadian Field Ambulance.

It’s just one of several monuments at the university marking student sacrifices during the First World War and one of many markers — from cenotaphs to statues and even lakes — across the province commemorating Manitobans who have served in conflicts since the province was created in 1870.

Many of those monuments are either hidden or in hard-to-find places. Even veterans from the Second World War — who not so long ago were part of marching parades and outdoor services marking Remembrance Day — are mostly tucked away living the remaining days of their lives in personal care homes.

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Saturday, Nov. 8, 2025
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Indigenous veterans prepare to ‘recognize our own’ on official day

Scott Billeck 4 minute read Preview
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Indigenous veterans prepare to ‘recognize our own’ on official day

Scott Billeck 4 minute read Friday, Nov. 7, 2025

When the Canadian Armed Forces issued a formal apology for the abuses inflicted on Indigenous service members, Jack Park said it hit home.

He was deeply moved when the Indigenous Veterans Day Act — making Nov. 8 the official day to honour Indigenous veterans in Manitoba — was granted royal assent and became law.

“It was so well-received,” Park said on Friday as he prepared for the fourth annual Indigenous Veterans Day ceremony to honour Red River Métis veterans, which will take place on Saturday on Lac du Bonnet.

“I can tell you as an Indigenous person serving, it wasn’t a good thing to be me. They knew we were a different breed, I guess you could say, and they picked on that. The abuse was real. It was absolutely real. When I got out of the armed forces, I was treated like a regular Canadian citizen again. It was a welcome relief to come out of there.”

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Friday, Nov. 7, 2025
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Decades-long fight to repeal discriminatory second-generation cut-off rekindled on Parliament Hill

Marsha McLeod 9 minute read Preview
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Decades-long fight to repeal discriminatory second-generation cut-off rekindled on Parliament Hill

Marsha McLeod 9 minute read Friday, Oct. 31, 2025

First Nations women who’ve spent a lifetime fighting for the right to belong in their own communities have been again travelling to Parliament Hill this fall, repeating their calls for change and their wish: for their children and grandchildren not to be excluded as they were.

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Friday, Oct. 31, 2025
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Winnipeg MP’s private member’s bill would make residential school denialism a crime

Free Press staff 2 minute read Preview
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Winnipeg MP’s private member’s bill would make residential school denialism a crime

Free Press staff 2 minute read Friday, Oct. 31, 2025

Manitoba New Democrat MP Leah Gazan reintroduced a private member’s bill Friday that would criminalize residential school denialism, saying “real action” is needed to combat rising anti-Indigenous hate.

Bill C-254, if passed, would amend the Criminal Code to include the promotion of hatred against Indigenous Peoples by “condoning, denying, downplaying or justifying the Indian residential school system.”

“We cannot ignore the obvious, that residential school denialism is simply an act of inciting hate against Indigenous people,” Gazan, the MP for Winnipeg Centre, said in a news release.

“Members of Parliament must act immediately to uphold their safety, and I urge all my parliamentary colleagues to protect survivors and families by supporting this bill.”

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Friday, Oct. 31, 2025
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A century later, Ukrainian church still helping new Ukrainians

John Longhurst 4 minute read Preview
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A century later, Ukrainian church still helping new Ukrainians

John Longhurst 4 minute read Thursday, Oct. 30, 2025

When it was founded in 1925, St. Mary the Protectress Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral in the North End was a welcoming and helpful place for immigrants seeking new lives in Canada.

As the church celebrates its centennial, it is still welcoming and helping Ukrainians fleeing war in their homeland.

“Helping each other never stops,” Eugene Hyworon, co-chair of the cathedral’s centennial committee, said.

A centennial gala will be held Saturday.

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Thursday, Oct. 30, 2025
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First Nation in B.C. says 41 more graves found by penetrating radar at school site

The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview
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First Nation in B.C. says 41 more graves found by penetrating radar at school site

The Canadian Press 4 minute read Friday, Feb. 20, 2026

SECHELT - An 18-month investigation at a former residential school site in British Columbia's Sunshine Coast has found more evidence of children who disappeared there, the area’s First Nation says.

The shishalh First Nation in Sechelt, B.C., said in a release Friday that 41 "additional unmarked graves" had been found as a result of a search with ground-penetrating radar in the area around the St. Augustine’s Residential School site.

It said the discovery brought the number of suspected graves at the site to 81, after initial findings that were announced in 2023.

"Today is a day of loss for our community and for our families," said Chief Lenora Joe in a video statement.

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Friday, Feb. 20, 2026
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Try out being a tourist at home — in Winnipeg

Brent Bellamy 7 minute read Preview
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Try out being a tourist at home — in Winnipeg

Brent Bellamy 7 minute read Monday, Jul. 28, 2025

Many Canadians and Manitobans are rethinking their travel plans to the United States this summer. We might take this opportunity to become tourists in our own city, rediscovering Winnipeg — a city that is often underappreciated, but one that is truly unique in Canada.

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Monday, Jul. 28, 2025
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Sauver la Maison Hourie, le vote est ouvert

Marie Wielgocki 4 minute read Preview
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Sauver la Maison Hourie, le vote est ouvert

Marie Wielgocki 4 minute read Saturday, Apr. 12, 2025

Organisée par la Fiducie nationale du Canada, la compétition Next Great Save offre un financement et de la visibilité aux lieux historiques menacés partout dans le pays. Cette année, la maison Hourie de Portage-la-Prairie fait partie des douze finalistes. Les gagnants sont choisis par vote du public, qui est ouvert jusqu’au 17 avril.

Sauver l’un des bâtiments emblématiques de l’histoire du Manitoba. Voilà l’objectif du musée de Fort la Reine à Portage-la-Prairie, qui a inscrit au concours l’une de ses bâtisses: la Maison Hourie. C’est sur le site nextgreatsave.ca que le public, seul juge de la finale de cette compétition nationale, est invité à voter pour sauver son patrimoine favori. Parmi les finalistes, la Maison Hourie est le seul édifice situé au Manitoba.

Restaurer la maison Hourie

Les règles sont simples: pour sauver son patrimoine, chaque finaliste mène sa campagne de sensibilisation pour récolter le maximum de soutien. Parrainé par Ecclesiastical Insurance, ce concours s’inscrit dans les missions de la Fiducie nationale du Canada, créée en 1973. Principal organisme de bienfaisance national, la Fiducie a contribué depuis sa création à la protection de plus de 835 lieux partout au Canada.

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Saturday, Apr. 12, 2025
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Riel’s vision grows stronger

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview
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Riel’s vision grows stronger

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Friday, Nov. 24, 2023

As the first visionary of Manitoba, Riel fought the rest of his life to stop British domination and destruction of Indigenous lives, while stubbornly maintain the independent and unique multicultural spirit that birthed this place.

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Friday, Nov. 24, 2023
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Fenians fancied a Manitoba foothold

Reviewed by Douglas J. Johnston 4 minute read Preview
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Fenians fancied a Manitoba foothold

Reviewed by Douglas J. Johnston 4 minute read Saturday, Aug. 6, 2022

Sometimes it’s the local angle that turns a book into a bit of a revelation.

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Saturday, Aug. 6, 2022
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Group engages community on renaming Wolseley neighbourhood

Malak Abas 4 minute read Preview
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Group engages community on renaming Wolseley neighbourhood

Malak Abas 4 minute read Monday, Aug. 30, 2021

In 1870, Col. Garnet Wolseley led a military expedition into Manitoba to violently overthrow Louis Riel’s provisional government at the Red River Colony. On Sunday afternoon, a group gathered at Vimy Ridge Park to discuss how to push for the renaming of the neighbourhood that bears his name.

Red River Echoes, a Métis collective that first came together with the purpose of “bringing an alternative voice to what Métis people think in Manitoba” after Manitoba Metis Federation president David Chartrand put out an ad with the Winnipeg Free Press in March in support of the Winnipeg Police Service, put together the rendezvous to take questions and comments community members might have around the growing conversation to rename Wolseley.

"With a lot of names being changed right now, we thought it was a good opportunity,” Red River Echoes member Claire Johnston said. “And Wolseley in particular has a really violent and negative association for Métis people, and also all other people of colour in who live in Winnipeg.”

In the months since the remains of 215 children were found in unmarked graves near a residential school in Kamloops, B.C., calls have been sparked across the country to rename landmarks named after people who had a hand in the colonization of Canada. In Winnipeg, Wolseley isn’t the first instance — calls to rename Bishop Grandin Boulevard due to its namesake’s hand in the residential school system have resulted in consultations and a possible recommendation for its renaming coming to city council this fall.

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Monday, Aug. 30, 2021
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Craig Block link to city’s Black history

Cody Sellar 4 minute read Preview
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Craig Block link to city’s Black history

Cody Sellar 4 minute read Thursday, Aug. 26, 2021

Above a fruit seller in a small brick building on Main Street, a group of Black railway porters made history.

The Order of Sleeping Car Porters, formed in Winnipeg in 1917, was North America’s first Black labour union. Five years later, they established offices and a meeting hall on the second storey of the building, the Craig Block, at 795 Main St.

Now, the building has hit the market, without any historical status protections or a bronze plaque to commemorate its history.

History writer Christian Cassidy said he’s seen the building, which recently housed retail store Ma’s Fishing, go up for sale once or twice in the past. Each time, he worries someone will buy it and knock it down. It’s one of last buildings that links Winnipeg to the history of its Black communities.

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Thursday, Aug. 26, 2021