Social Studies Grade 12

Please review each article prior to use: grade-level applicability and curricular alignment might not be obvious from the headline alone.

Billie Eilish to billionaires: ‘No hate, but give your money away, shorties’

Thalia Beaty, The Associated Press 5 minute read Preview

Billie Eilish to billionaires: ‘No hate, but give your money away, shorties’

Thalia Beaty, The Associated Press 5 minute read Monday, Nov. 3, 2025

Billie Eilish wants billionaires to donate more.

As the Grammy and Oscar winner accepted the music award at this year’s WSJ. Magazine Innovator Awards on Wednesday night, she urged the ultra-wealthy to address more of the world’s issues.

“We’re in a time right now where the world is really, really bad and really dark and people need empathy and help more than, kind of, ever, especially in our country,” Eilish said to an audience that included Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan, as well as “Star Wars” creator George Lucas. “I’d say if you have money, it would be great to use it for good things, maybe give it to some people that need it.”

Late night host Stephen Colbert introduced Eilish on stage at New York’s Museum of Modern Art by announcing that she would donate $11.5 million of the proceeds from her Hit Me Hard and Soft tour to causes dedicated to food equity, climate justice and reducing carbon pollution.

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Monday, Nov. 3, 2025

Billie Eilish attends the WSJ. Magazine Innovator Awards at The Museum of Modern Art on Wednesday, Oct. 29, 2025, in New York. (Photo by Evan Agostini/Invision/AP)

Billie Eilish attends the WSJ. Magazine Innovator Awards at The Museum of Modern Art on Wednesday, Oct. 29, 2025, in New York. (Photo by Evan Agostini/Invision/AP)
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Counting on fans for countdown to 60th Festival du Voyageur

Eva Wasney 2 minute read Preview
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Counting on fans for countdown to 60th Festival du Voyageur

Eva Wasney 2 minute read Thursday, Oct. 30, 2025

Festival du Voyageur is seeking memories and memorabilia to help celebrate an upcoming milestone anniversary.

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Thursday, Oct. 30, 2025

SUPPLIED

The 2025 display of Festival du Voyageur memorabilia was the start of L’shed à Léo.

SUPPLIED
                                The 2025 display of Festival du Voyageur memorabilia was the start of L’shed à Léo.

Festival du Voyageur denies responsibility for caterer’s losses after Fort Gibraltar platform collapse

Erik Pindera 4 minute read Preview

Festival du Voyageur denies responsibility for caterer’s losses after Fort Gibraltar platform collapse

Erik Pindera 4 minute read Wednesday, Oct. 29, 2025

Festival du Voyageur has denied it can be held legally responsible for the losses of a catering company, after the collapse of a platform at Fort Gibraltar temporarily shuttered the firm’s business.

Gibraltar Dining Corp. alleged in a lawsuit filed in Court of King’s Bench that the city and festival are responsible for its lost revenue because it was unable to host events in the space it leases in the fort for months after the collapse on May 31, 2023.

The catering company operates in a space within the replica fort leased from Festival du Voyageur.

Festival du Voyageur, which operates the fort on land leased from the city, argues its not responsible for Gibraltar Dining’s losses.

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Wednesday, Oct. 29, 2025

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES

Fort Gibraltar denies legal responsibility for a catering company’s lost income following a 2023 accident on site.

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Fort Gibraltar denies legal responsibility for a catering company’s lost income following a 2023 accident on site.

U of M research underscores importance of polar bears to future of Arctic

Katie May 5 minute read Preview

U of M research underscores importance of polar bears to future of Arctic

Katie May 5 minute read Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2025

Polar bears are generous hunters whose leftovers feed many other animals, new research shows, casting the protected species as a major provider, not just a vulnerable predator in a province that attracts thousands of polar bear watchers every fall.

Arctic foxes, wolverines, eagles, hawks, gulls and even younger bears are among at least 11 species who feast on the prey left behind by polar bears. The latest study calculates the leftovers: 7.6 million kilograms per year in picked-over seal carcasses left on sea ice.

That’s a conservative estimate, said biologist and University of Manitoba PhD candidate Holly Gamblin, lead author of the study published Tuesday in the journal Oikos from the Nordic Ecological Society.

“A bunch of my co-authors are in that polar bear research world and have been thinking about investigating (this issue), knowing that it’s this really under-represented and under-studied component of the story, when we think about polar bears as apex predators,” said Gamblin, who has studied Arctic foxes. “They had had this idea for a while and I was just sort of in the right place at the right time.”

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Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2025

San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance

New research shows at least 11 species feast on the prey left behind by polar bears suggesting they play a key role in supporting their subarctic and Arctic ecosystems.

San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance
                                New research shows at least 11 species feast on the prey left behind by polar bears suggesting they play a key role in supporting their subarctic and Arctic ecosystems.

Rosa Parks and Helen Keller statues unveiled at the Alabama Capitol

Kim Chandler, The Associated Press 4 minute read Preview

Rosa Parks and Helen Keller statues unveiled at the Alabama Capitol

Kim Chandler, The Associated Press 4 minute read Saturday, Oct. 25, 2025

MONTGOMERY, Ala. (AP) — Statues of Rosa Parks and Helen Keller, pivotal figures who fought for justice and inspired change across the world, were unveiled Friday on the grounds of the Alabama Capitol.

The monuments honoring the Alabama natives whose advocacy helped dismantle racial segregation and promoted the rights of people with disabilities are the first statues of women to be installed on the lawn of the Alabama Capitol, broadening the history reflected on the grounds that also include tributes to the Confederacy, which was formed at the site in 1861.

Gov. Kay Ivey, currently the nation's longest serving female governor, said Parks and Keller “rose to shape history through quiet strength and unwavering conviction.”

“Courage changes the course of history, and today, these statutes stand as symbols of that courage — testaments to what one person, especially one determined one, can do to make the world a better place,” Ivey said.

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Saturday, Oct. 25, 2025

FILE - Rosa Parks speaks at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 15, 1969. (AP Photo/Joe Holloway, Jr., File)

FILE - Rosa Parks speaks at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 15, 1969. (AP Photo/Joe Holloway, Jr., File)

St. Andrews pumpkin patch set to shutter

Free Press staff 2 minute read Tuesday, Oct. 21, 2025

Schwabe Pumpkins, a popular pumpkin patch in the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews, has announced its closure.

The family-run farm business is more than 20 years old. Ownership took to social media Sunday to spread the news; they declined an interview request Monday.

“With heavy hearts we have decided this will be our last year,” an online post reads.

The business made headlines in September, after volunteers assisted in a quick crop harvest. Frost had come early, threatening the farm’s operations.

Winnipeg-based organization injects federal funds into innovative, women-powered business in Bolivia

Melissa Martin 13 minute read Preview

Winnipeg-based organization injects federal funds into innovative, women-powered business in Bolivia

Melissa Martin 13 minute read Friday, Oct. 10, 2025

With practised grace, Antonia Olpo slides down the bank of the long, shallow pond and plunges fully clothed into the muddy water. On the grass above, other women and their male helpers unfurl the net, stretching it across the pond from edge to edge, and let it sink below the surface.

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Friday, Oct. 10, 2025

Local leader Antonia Olpo (centre), along with aquaculture expert Álvaro Céspedes and fish farmer Marisabel Avendaño, helps pull in a catch from Avendaño’s pond. (Melissa Martin / Free Press)

Local leader Antonia Olpo (centre), along with aquaculture expert Álvaro Céspedes and fish farmer Marisabel Avendaño, helps pull in a catch from Avendaño’s pond. (Melissa Martin / Free Press)

A petition you should consider signing

Editorial 4 minute read Preview

A petition you should consider signing

Editorial 4 minute read Monday, Oct. 6, 2025

Let’s just keep track of e-6679 and ask ourselves whether it’s not about time for plenty of us to sign it.

What is e-6679? Well, it’s an electronic petition to the House of Commons, suggesting that federal politicians and candidates who knowingly mislead the public should face penalties, including, potentially, being disqualified from sitting in the House of Commons.

Here’s the prayer — the details — of the petition.

“Whereas: Members of Parliament (MPs) have been accused of making important public statements that are false and without evidence; Misinformation is a growing threat to the proper functioning of, as well as faith in, our democratic process; A mechanism is needed to verify MPs’ public statements to maintain trust in our governing body; Artificial Intelligence is amplifying misinformation; Current events in the United States demonstrate the dangers of not addressing this problem; and The Institute for Constitutional and Democratic Research (ICDR) of Wales, UK, proposed a white paper entitled ‘A Model for Political Honesty,’ created because ‘the Welsh Government will bring forward legislation before 2026 for the disqualification of Members and candidates found guilty of deliberate deception through an independent judicial process and will invite the committee to make proposals to that effect.’

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Monday, Oct. 6, 2025

Russell Wangersky/Free Press

The Peace Tower in Ottawa.

Russell Wangersky/Free Press
                                The Peace Tower in Ottawa.

Thousands mark Truth and Reconcilation Day

Malak Abas 4 minute read Preview

Thousands mark Truth and Reconcilation Day

Malak Abas 4 minute read Tuesday, Sep. 30, 2025

As a sea of thousands clad in orange waited, Helen George braids her son’s long, straight hair.

They’re at the RBC Convention Centre, preparing for the grand entry ceremonies hosted by the Southern Chiefs’ Organization to mark the fifth annual National Day for Truth and Reconciliation Tuesday afternoon.

Originally from Ochapowace Cree Nation in Saskatchewan but living in Winnipeg, George is helping her son, Houston, get dressed for the upcoming powwow. For her, seeing so many families coming together to recognize the impact of the residential school system and celebrate Indigenous resilience is touching.

“It’s meaningful,” she said.

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Tuesday, Sep. 30, 2025

JOHN WOODS / FREE PRESS

Thousands clad in orange marched from Oodena Circle at The Forks to the RBC Convention Centre to mark Truth and Reconcilliation Day.

JOHN WOODS / FREE PRESS
                                Thousands clad in orange marched from Oodena Circle at The Forks to the RBC Convention Centre to mark Truth and Reconcilliation Day.
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‘It’s our mission’: Inner-city church driven to help refugees

John Longhurst 5 minute read Preview
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‘It’s our mission’: Inner-city church driven to help refugees

John Longhurst 5 minute read Monday, Sep. 29, 2025

From its start in 2008, City Church set out to be intercultural. So, it was only natural the Maryland Street congregation would become involved in sponsoring refugees to come to Canada.

“It’s our mission,” said Tim Nielson, minister at the church that serves about 350 people from around the world and conducts services in the Chin, Karen, Punjab and Dari languages.

“Right from the beginning, we have been interested in helping refugees.”

The church started Naomi House in 2017 to help refugees immigrate. Along with providing various services when they arrive, the ministry provides housing while newcomers get settled.

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Monday, Sep. 29, 2025

Staff at Naomi House and members of City Church greet the arrival of a refugee family from Afghanistan at the Winnipeg airport. (Supplied)

Staff at Naomi House and members of City Church greet the arrival of a refugee family from Afghanistan at the Winnipeg airport. (Supplied)

Deepening and complex homelessness crisis pushing city neighbourhoods to tipping point

Mike McIntyre 27 minute read Preview

Deepening and complex homelessness crisis pushing city neighbourhoods to tipping point

Mike McIntyre 27 minute read Friday, Sep. 26, 2025

On a calm summer day, the Red River serves as a mirror, its glass-like surface masking the muddy bottom below.

Look closer and you’ll see a reflection of the city along its banks. Towering cottonwoods and elms, riverside homes, iconic postcard backdrops.

Look closer still, and the city’s scars — from the physical and psychological of individuals to the enabling and failings of institutions — are laid bare.

What begins as a trickle near Kildonan Park grows into a flood the further south you travel along the river.

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Friday, Sep. 26, 2025

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS

A no tenting sign along the river south of the Alexander Docks on Thursday, Sept. 25, 2025. For 49.8 story. Free Press 2025

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                A no tenting sign along the river south of the Alexander Docks on Thursday, Sept. 25, 2025. For 49.8 story. Free Press 2025

The devilish details that make no sense

Editorial 4 minute read Preview

The devilish details that make no sense

Editorial 4 minute read Friday, Sep. 26, 2025

We all knew that kid when we were in school. You know the one — he would tell you he could throw a rock further than anyone in school, he just couldn’t do it today, because he’d hurt his arm winning an arm-wrestling championship against the biggest weightlifter the world had ever seen. The kid who told you his father was a secret agent who could kill anyone he wanted to, any time.

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Friday, Sep. 26, 2025

AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein

U.S. President Donald Trump

AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein
                                U.S. President Donald Trump

Situation near school sparks safety concerns

Nicole Buffie 4 minute read Thursday, Sep. 25, 2025

Less than 100 metres away from an Elmwood elementary school’s front door, several bike wheels and frames lie around a front yard with garbage piled high in a shopping cart near the home’s fence.

Parents and staff at River Elm School are concerned for student safety due to suspicious activity at the home.

One school staffer, who the Free Press is not naming, has witnessed trucks full with scrap metal, eavestroughs and bikes idle outside the home. He also saw what he believed to be drug deals on and near the property.

“It’s become this twisted joke among staff that all of this is happening and no one is doing anything about it,” he said. “It’s a huge blight on the neighbourhood.”

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Local chefs heat up culinary competition

2 minute read Preview
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Local chefs heat up culinary competition

2 minute read Thursday, Sep. 25, 2025

Seven local chefs have thrown their hats in the ring for a chance to represent Winnipeg at the 2026 Canadian Culinary Championship in Ottawa January next year.

Also known as Canada’s Great Kitchen Party, the regional qualifier takes place on Wednesday, Oct. 1, at the RBC Convention Centre, and features entertainment from Spirit of the West’s Geoff Kelly, as well as Canadian musicians Barney Bentall, Kevin Fox, Matthew Harder and Rebecca Harder.

Chefs Emily Butcher (Bar Accanto), Darnell Banman (Thermea Spa Village), Michael de Groot (Gather Craft Kitchen & Bar), Ken Hoang (Le Colonial Restaurant and Bar), Norman Pastorin, (Basta! Filipino Kitchen), Chinnie Ramos (Wow! Catering) and Lauren Wiebe-Dembowski (Niakwa Country Club) will be judged on skill, creativity and technique as they vie to impress the panel of local culinary experts, led by head national judge Chris Johns, 2025 regional winner Austin Granados (formerly of Cake-ology) and Winnipeg senior judge Mike Green.

“We’re honoured to have such a strong field of chefs representing Winnipeg this year,” said Green.

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Thursday, Sep. 25, 2025

RUTH BONNEVILLE / FREE PRESS FILES

Chef Norm Pastorin of Basta! Filipino Kitchen is competing at Canada’s Great Kitchen Party.

RUTH BONNEVILLE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Chef Norm Pastorin of Basta! Filipino Kitchen is competing at Canada’s Great Kitchen Party.

Charges upgraded to attempted murder in summer sword attack

Skye Anderson 2 minute read Preview

Charges upgraded to attempted murder in summer sword attack

Skye Anderson 2 minute read Wednesday, Sep. 24, 2025

A 16-year-old male has been charged with two additional counts of attempted murder after more victims were confirmed in relation to a sword attack at a high school in June.

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Wednesday, Sep. 24, 2025

A Brandon police vehicle sits parked in front of École secondaire Neelin High School on June 10 after a violent attack inside the school. (Tim Smith / The Brandon Sun files)

A Brandon police vehicle sits parked in front of École secondaire Neelin High School on June 10 after a violent attack inside the school. (Tim Smith / The Brandon Sun files)

Police investigating fires, vandalism at NDP cabinet ministers’ North End constituency offices

Malak Abas 4 minute read Preview

Police investigating fires, vandalism at NDP cabinet ministers’ North End constituency offices

Malak Abas 4 minute read Tuesday, Sep. 23, 2025

Broken windows, four blazes started in two months

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Tuesday, Sep. 23, 2025

MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS

Damage at the rear of NDP cabinet minister Bernadette Smith’s Point Douglas constituency office, which has been hit by arson four times recently. Police are investigating.

MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS 
                                Windows were broken at NDP cabinet minister Nahanni Fontaine’s St. John’s constituency office this weekend.

Foster parents charged, accused of assaulting children in their care

Chris Kitching 6 minute read Preview

Foster parents charged, accused of assaulting children in their care

Chris Kitching 6 minute read Tuesday, Sep. 23, 2025

Two foster parents in north Winnipeg are accused of abusing children in their care, including one who was in critical condition Tuesday, in a case that has Manitoba’s children’s advocate seeking answers.

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Tuesday, Sep. 23, 2025

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES

Sherry Gott, the Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth, said news of the incident is devastating. Her office is conducting a review.

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Sherry Gott, the Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth, said news of the incident is devastating. Her office is conducting a review.

McLuhan’s childhood home to become hub for big ideas

Nicole Buffie 3 minute read Preview

McLuhan’s childhood home to become hub for big ideas

Nicole Buffie 3 minute read Sunday, Sep. 21, 2025

Renowned media theorist Marshall McLuhan’s childhood home in Winnipeg will soon welcome visitors to “come for the message” but “stay for the medium.”

The play on McLuhan’s famous term is the tag line of Howard R. Engel, president Winnipeg non-profit Marshall McLuhan Initiative, who bought the home at 507 Gertrude Ave., where McLuhan lived between 1921 and 1934.

On Saturday afternoon Engel and his team unveiled a Manitoba Historical Society blue plaque at the Osborne Village address commemorating the site of where the memorable Manitoban spent his childhood.

“We are over the moon,” Engel said. “This will not only be a museum, but also include a public gathering space for lectures’ presentations who help extend the working ideas of McLuhan.”

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Sunday, Sep. 21, 2025

NICOLE BUFFIE / FREE PRESS

Howard Engel (right) and his wife Esther Juce unveiled a Manitoba Historical Society blue plaque at 507 Gertrude St. commemorating the site of where media theorist Marshall McLuhan spent his childhood. They plan to turn the home into a museum and living quarters for a writer-in-residence.

NICOLE BUFFIE / FREE PRESS
                                Howard Engel (right) and his wife Esther Juce unveiled a Manitoba Historical Society blue plaque at 507 Gertrude St. commemorating the site of where media theorist Marshall McLuhan spent his childhood. They plan to turn the home into a museum and living quarters for a writer-in-residence.

Bail reform as an approach to crime reduction

Chris Gamby 5 minute read Preview

Bail reform as an approach to crime reduction

Chris Gamby 5 minute read Saturday, Sep. 20, 2025

For the last several months, a conversation about modifying our bail system in unspecified ways, with the express goal of increasing public safety, has taken hold. Usually, a specific case of an accused person allegedly committing a new offence while on bail is at the centre of the argument.

Canadians have enjoyed the rights guaranteed to them by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms since 1982. Included in the charter are rights related to freedom of expression, freedom of movement and several legal rights. The legal rights that are engaged in the conversation about bail reform are the right to be presumed innocent and the right to reasonable bail. These rights are intertwined.

Typically, we do not punish individuals who have not been found guilty of a crime. Accused people should have their day in court prior to having their freedom taken away. Release pending trial is the rule, detention is the exception.

Detention is warranted when detention is necessary on one or more of three grounds: to ensure the accused attends court, where the detention is necessary for the safety of the public, and/or where the detention is necessary to maintain confidence in the administration of justice.

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Saturday, Sep. 20, 2025

In court, judges and prosecutors make the best decisions on bail that they can, given the information they have — and changing the bail system in Canada has many pitfalls. (Mikaela MacKenzie / Free Press files)

In court, judges and prosecutors make the best decisions on bail that they can, given the information they have — and changing the bail system in Canada has many pitfalls. (Mikaela MacKenzie / Free Press files)
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Reimagining the garden

Colleen Zacharias 5 minute read Preview
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Reimagining the garden

Colleen Zacharias 5 minute read Saturday, Sep. 20, 2025

Next week, close to 100 horticultural professionals from botanical gardens and conservatories across Canada and the U.S. will be in Winnipeg for the American Public Gardens Association’s 2025 Horticulture, Greenhouse, & Facilities Symposium, which will be hosted by Assiniboine Park Conservancy at The Leaf.

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Saturday, Sep. 20, 2025

JC Lemay photo

Plants are the main focus in this traditional landscape at Les Jardins de Métis in Grand-Métis, Que.

JC Lemay photo
                                Plants are the main focus in this traditional landscape at Les Jardins de Métis in Grand-Métis, Que.

‘You gave him purpose… gave him his freedom’: grateful mother from Colombia celebrates Sunshine Fund

Conrad Sweatman 5 minute read Preview

‘You gave him purpose… gave him his freedom’: grateful mother from Colombia celebrates Sunshine Fund

Conrad Sweatman 5 minute read Friday, Sep. 19, 2025

Freedom for the Recio family, in their native Colombia, was tied to an unexpected emblem.

“Our children watched The Parent Trap at least 50 times, dreaming of canoes and lakes and cabins in the woods,” Angela Recio told a crowded room at the Caboto Centre on Thursday.

“But in Colombia, where we lived in South America, that kind of freedom was unimaginable. Sending our child off into the wilderness was not just unthinkable, it was unsafe.”

Recio was addressing donors, nature lovers, Manitoba Camping Association staff and friends at the organization’s appreciation luncheon for supporters of its Sunshine Fund.

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Friday, Sep. 19, 2025

From left: Kim Scherger, exective director of the Manitoba Camping Association (left), Free Press editor-in-chief Paul Samyn and storytellers Angela Recio de Garcia and Bonnie Robinson at the Sunshine Fund Donor Appreciation Luncheon at the Caboto Centre on Thursday. (Mikaela MacKenzie / Free Press)

From left: Kim Scherger, exective director of the Manitoba Camping Association (left), Free Press editor-in-chief Paul Samyn and storytellers Angela Recio de Garcia and Bonnie Robinson at the Sunshine Fund Donor Appreciation Luncheon at the Caboto Centre on Thursday. (Mikaela MacKenzie / Free Press)

Bus riders, drivers welcome police safety initiative; two arrests made on day plan rolled out

Scott Billeck 5 minute read Preview

Bus riders, drivers welcome police safety initiative; two arrests made on day plan rolled out

Scott Billeck 5 minute read Friday, Sep. 19, 2025

The announcement of a new police strategy — placing both uniformed and plainclothes officers on Winnipeg Transit — was welcome news for riders Friday.

The Winnipeg Police Service announced the initiative’s first arrests were made on Wednesday, when the plan was unveiled.

“I love it,” said one elderly woman who was waiting for her bus at Unicity. “I love it for the bus drivers as well, because they take the brunt of it.”

She said she had already noticed more police nearby, pointing out that she saw multiple cruisers pull into the parking lot while she ate breakfast at a nearby Burger King.

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Friday, Sep. 19, 2025

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES

MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES

Bidding an unfond farewell to the fitness test

Mike McIntyre 6 minute read Preview

Bidding an unfond farewell to the fitness test

Mike McIntyre 6 minute read Thursday, Sep. 18, 2025

Goodbye — and good riddance.

A new collective bargaining agreement means a long-standing pre-season ritual — timed sprint skates, measured jumps, weight-lifting contests and lung-capacity tests — is about to become a thing of the past. This September marks the final round of fitness testing, a development that Winnipeg Jets centre Mark Scheifele nearly commemorated with a T-shirt on Wednesday.

So why was this such a sore spot for players?

“I think it stems from last year and a lot of injuries coming in the pre-season, a lot of marquee guys around the league,” said Jets winger Kyle Connor.

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Thursday, Sep. 18, 2025

MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS

Winnipeg Jets centre Mark Scheifele (right) said Thursday he’s “very, very excited” the fitness test will no longer be part of training camp anymore.

MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS
                                Winnipeg Jets centre Mark Scheifele (right) said Thursday he’s “very, very excited” the fitness test will no longer be part of training camp anymore.

Same crime, different fate

Gwynne Dyer 4 minute read Thursday, Sep. 18, 2025

If Donald Trump were a religious man, he might have said “There but for the grace of God go I” when he heard that former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro has been sentenced to 27 years in prison. Bolsonaro’s crime was to have plotted a coup to take back the presidency he lost in the 2022 election.

Trump is acutely aware of the similarities between Bolsonaro’s case and his own bumbling, half-hearted attempt to incite a coup on Jan. 6, 2021. Both men were voted out after a single term in office, both immediately declared that the election had been stolen by the opposition, and both then chickened out of a coup at the last moment.

Trump feels the parallels so keenly that he did not just condemn the Bolsonaro trial, claiming that it was a “witch-hunt.” Although the United States has a positive trade balance with Brazil, Trump has imposed 50 per cent tariffs on imports from Brazil as an explicit punishment for putting his friend and ally on trial.

Trump must be feeling close to all-powerful right now. Only eight months into his second term after a triumphant comeback election, he is nearing the point where he can sweep the whole 238-year-old constitutional apparatus of the United States aside and rule by decree.