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The Free Press Social Studies Grade 12 Education Subject Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities
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Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities

Please review each article prior to use: grade-level applicability and curricular alignment might not be obvious from the headline alone.

Patrick Doyle / The Canadian Press
                                Prime Minister Mark Carney and Heated Rivalry star Hudson Williams deliver a viral moment at gala celebrating Canada’s film and television industry.
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Canadian sovereignty is not just about borders, but culture too

Conrad Sweatman 16 minute read Preview
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Canadian sovereignty is not just about borders, but culture too

Conrad Sweatman 16 minute read Saturday, Feb. 28, 2026

It was “elbows up” in Davos — then came “leg up” in Ottawa.

The bawdy moment between Prime Minister Mark Carney and actor Hudson Williams happened in late January when both were at a gala celebrating the country’s film and TV successes.

“Do the leg thing,” Carney instructed Williams, one star of Heated Rivalry, the Canadian-made gay love story about hockey rivals and overnight international smash hit. Williams swung one leg up onto the prime minister while photographers captured the viral moment tossed into their lap.

Whether or not Carney has seen Heated Rivalry, it’s hard to imagine a sleeker image for elbows-up nationalism: loudly Canadian but still cosmopolitan, pro-hockey but not exactly hoser-ish — and eager for international markets.

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Saturday, Feb. 28, 2026
Marta Guerrero photo
                                Le photographe animalier Jean-Pierre Parenty expose à l’Hôtel Fort Garry 46 clichés pris à Churchill.
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Churchill s’expose à l’Hôtel Fort Garry

Virginie Frère 5 minute read Preview
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Churchill s’expose à l’Hôtel Fort Garry

Virginie Frère 5 minute read Saturday, Feb. 28, 2026

À peine franchi le seuil de la passerelle arrière de l’emblématique Hôtel Fort Garry, le visiteur est happé par un regard. Immense. Blanc. Perçant. Celui d’un ours polaire saisi à Churchill par le photographe manitobain Jean-Pierre Parenty. Depuis quelques jours à peine, 46 de ses clichés transforment le couloir vitré de l’hôtel en une véritable immersion arctique.

Photographe animalier, Jean-Pierre Parenty s’est spécialisé depuis une dizaine d’années dans la faune canadienne. “Je suis Canadien et j’aime chercher, photographier et représenter la faune canadienne,” confie-t-il.

Né et élevé au Manitoba dans une ferme, Jean-Pierre Parenty nourrit depuis l’enfance une passion pour les animaux et la photographie. “La partie qui m’intéresse et que j’adore, c’est être en nature, chercher des animaux, les trouver et puis essayer de les capturer dans mon appareil photo,” dit-il. S’il a longtemps parcouru le monde, c’est désormais vers le Nord qu’il tourne son objectif, et plus particulièrement vers Churchill, cette localité de la baie d’Hudson capitale mondiale de l’ours polaire.

L’idée de l’exposition est née d’un appel de l’hôtel, il y a environ un an. “L’Hôtel Fort Garry m’a appelé pour créer une galerie dans la passerelle arrière de l’hôtel. Et ils ont demandé que ce soient des photos d’animaux de Churchill,” explique-t-il. Une demande sur mesure pour celui qui fréquente régulièrement la région. “Je vais à Churchill très souvent, donc j’ai beaucoup de photos que j’ai prises là-bas,” souligne le photographe.

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Saturday, Feb. 28, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Winnipeg approved more than 1,000 new downtown housing units last year – marking a 15-year high – but the city now needs to assure people the area is safe and convenient enough to call home.

Mayor encouraged after downtown housing unit approvals reach 15-year high

Joyanne Pursaga 5 minute read Preview

Mayor encouraged after downtown housing unit approvals reach 15-year high

Joyanne Pursaga 5 minute read Friday, Feb. 27, 2026

The city approved more than 1,000 new downtown housing units last year, marking a 15-year high, while work continues to help entice people to move to the area.

Building permits were issued for 1,040 new downtown dwelling units in 2025, nearly double the 596 issued in 2018 and greatly improved from the 141 granted during the post-pandemic slowdown in 2022, city data show.

Mayor Scott Gillingham said the permit data reflects renewed interest in developing downtown.

“Before the pandemic, Winnipeg’s downtown had a lot of momentum and now we really see that momentum is really strong again,” he said.

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Friday, Feb. 27, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Sonia Prevost-Derbecker

Siloam Mission staffers demand CEO be removed one week into the job

Scott Billeck 5 minute read Preview

Siloam Mission staffers demand CEO be removed one week into the job

Scott Billeck 5 minute read Friday, Feb. 27, 2026

Siloam Mission staff members are calling for the removal of the inner-city shelter’s new CEO and its board chair, as well as an independent review of its executive leadership and board oversight.

They allege CEO Sonia Prevost-Derbecker, who was formally introduced in the role Feb. 20, has made derogatory and demeaning remarks about Indigenous people, individuals struggling with substance use, and the neighbourhood around the 300 Princess St. building. They said they were also concerned she had asked about her personal spending authority.

“Our position remains firm: meaningful governance change is required,” said a recent email from staff to the shelter’s board of directors.

“We believe this includes the removal of (chair Tracey Silagy) from the board and the replacement of Sonia as CEO. Without these steps, confidence cannot be restored.”

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Friday, Feb. 27, 2026
No Subscription Required

Talking, listening and learning on the road to reconciliation

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Friday, Feb. 27, 2026

It’s conference season.

Between teaching classes and writing in this space, I’ve been on the road for weeks, speaking, listening and learning.

Iqaluit, Edmonton, Saskatoon, Montréal. More times in Toronto than I care to admit. And, right now, I’m in Coquitlam, B.C.

Right now, reconciliation is underway in many places in this country. In others, Indigenous peoples and Canadians are coming together and talking — for the first time — at events and meetings.

MP for Edmonton Northwest Billy Morin rises in the House of Commons on Friday, Feb. 13, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Adrian Wyld
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Opposition parties back changes to status rules in Indian Act, Liberals say not yet

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview
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Opposition parties back changes to status rules in Indian Act, Liberals say not yet

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Saturday, Mar. 21, 2026

OTTAWA - All four opposition parties in the House of Commons are backing legislation to change the status rules in the Indian Act to end the "second-generation cutoff."

But the Liberals say that while they support changes to registration eligibility, more consultations with First Nations are needed before the law is amended.

Bill S-2, introduced in the Senate with support from the Liberals, initially sought to restore First Nations status to some 3,500 individuals.

Those individuals' ancestors lost their status before 1985 due to a law that said they could not maintain status if they wanted to vote in federal elections or own property.

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Saturday, Mar. 21, 2026
A grain port, top left, stands on the outskirts of town, Wednesday, Aug. 7, 2024, in Churchill, Manitoba. (AP Photo/Joshua A. Bickel)
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Big dreams, cold reality: Buzz builds for Port of Churchill, but risks could outweigh rewards

Julia-Simone Rutgers 17 minute read Preview
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Big dreams, cold reality: Buzz builds for Port of Churchill, but risks could outweigh rewards

Julia-Simone Rutgers 17 minute read Friday, Feb. 27, 2026

The marine town of Churchill, cherished for its wildlife, landscapes and history, has recently taken on a new sense of national importance. Plans to expand Canada’s lone deepwater Arctic port on the shores of Hudson Bay have gained momentum — and investment — in the last year as the country looks north for solutions to an unprecedented conflict with its southern neighbour.

Premier Wab Kinew has pitched the Port of Churchill as an answer to Canada’s trade concerns, and a means of galvanizing both provincial and national economies.

Prime Minister Mark Carney has designated a plan to upgrade the port facilities as “transformative,” committing millions in federal dollars to the project and touting its merits in meetings with European trade partners.

In late January, Kinew announced the province was in talks with several companies, including at least one major energy company, about investing in port expansion.

Read
Friday, Feb. 27, 2026
JOHN WOODS / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Garbage strewn along Waterfront Drive at Fort Douglas Park in Winnipeg. A new city report says nearly 12 per cent of the city’s parks and open-space assets are in poor or very poor condition.
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Almost 12% of city parks, open spaces in poor condition: report

Joyanne Pursaga 4 minute read Preview
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Almost 12% of city parks, open spaces in poor condition: report

Joyanne Pursaga 4 minute read Friday, Feb. 27, 2026

Nearly 12 per cent of the city’s parks and open-space assets are in poor or very poor condition and it would cost $108.5 million to replace them, a new city report says.

Read
Friday, Feb. 27, 2026
Mark Lennihan / The Associated Press
                                Massive new data centres have massive new needs, both for electricity and for water. But are they worth the cost?
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Data centres and Manitoba: a cautionary tale

Joel Trenaman 5 minute read Preview
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Data centres and Manitoba: a cautionary tale

Joel Trenaman 5 minute read Friday, Feb. 27, 2026

Alongside the rapidly expanding use of AI in everyday life, there’s a growing awareness that the technology also comes with extreme, big-picture threats to the things we need more: fresh water, affordable clean energy and a healthy information ecosystem.

Read
Friday, Feb. 27, 2026
The Associated Press
                                U.S. President Donald Trump and his Secretary of Treasury, Scott Bessent, seem eager to tamper in Canada’s internal affairs — but to what end?

Trump plays games with Canada’s sovereignty

Peter McKenna 5 minute read Preview

Trump plays games with Canada’s sovereignty

Peter McKenna 5 minute read Thursday, Feb. 26, 2026

What in God’s name is U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent doing commenting publicly about sensitive national unity matters in Canada?

Read
Thursday, Feb. 26, 2026
Moninder Singh, centre, a spokesperson for the British Columbia Gurdwaras Council (BCGC), speaks to reporters outside the Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara Sahib in Surrey, B.C., on Monday, Sept. 18, 2023, where temple president Hardeep Singh Nijjar was gunned down in his vehicle while leaving the parking lot. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck
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Sikh Canadians say state violence a continued threat as PM prepares to visit India

David Baxter, The Canadian Press 7 minute read Preview
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Sikh Canadians say state violence a continued threat as PM prepares to visit India

David Baxter, The Canadian Press 7 minute read Thursday, Mar. 19, 2026

OTTAWA - Some Canadian Sikhs are calling on the government to take a firmer stand on India as Prime Minister Mark Carney prepares to travel there this week on a mission to expand Canada's non-U.S. trade.

B.C. Sikh activist Moninder Singh, who received a warning from Vancouver police on Sunday about a credible threat to his life, said he suspects that threat is linked to the Indian government.

Singh said this is the first duty-to-warn report he's received from police since 2022. This one is different, he added, because it's the first warning to be extended to his wife and children.

"No other Sikh activist, with a dozen plus of us having (received police warnings) across the country, has had the family brought into it," Singh said in a phone interview with The Canadian Press.

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Thursday, Mar. 19, 2026
A section of a Métis model dog sled, made in the 1920s, is pictured following its repatriation from the Vatican collection at the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Que., on Wednesday, Feb. 25, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Spencer Colby
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Métis leaders unveil 1920s model dog sled repatriated from Vatican

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview
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Métis leaders unveil 1920s model dog sled repatriated from Vatican

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Thursday, Mar. 19, 2026

OTTAWA - Métis leaders on Wednesday unveiled a model dog sled repatriated to their communities after more than a century in the Vatican collection.

The sled, made in the 1920s of leather, wood and glass beads, was one of 62 items repatriated to Indigenous Peoples from the Vatican last year after decades of calls for their return.

“We’re not simply opening a box. We’re welcoming something very special home. We’re beginning a new chapter, a chapter that’s grounded in relationship, kinship and connection,” Métis National Council president Victoria Pruden said during the ceremony.

“These are not artifacts in the Western sense. These are carriers of memory – that Kiyas Kiskiowin Oma – remembering who we are, our memories returning. They hold the imprint of the hands that made them, and the communities who once knew them.”

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Thursday, Mar. 19, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Environment and Climate Change Minister Mike Moyes says short-term licence extensions are an option if a deal isn’t struck in time.

First Nations awaiting Hydro consults

Gabrielle Piché 5 minute read Preview

First Nations awaiting Hydro consults

Gabrielle Piché 5 minute read Wednesday, Feb. 25, 2026

With licences for two major Manitoba Hydro projects set to expire later this year, affected First Nations await consultation — and want to see change.

Licences for the Churchill River Diversion and Lake Winnipeg Regulation projects, first issued in the 1970s, expire Sept. 1 and Aug. 1, respectively.

The diversion directs water to five stations accounting for roughly 75 per cent of Manitoba’s power generation. The latter project allows Hydro to generate power by manipulating Lake Winnipeg’s water levels.

There is no timeline for the licence renewals, said Environment Minister Mike Moyes. He said that would be dependent on consultations with impacted First Nations.

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Wednesday, Feb. 25, 2026
Bruno Schllumberger / Ottawa Citizen files
                                Painter Norval Morrisseau was a leading figure of the Woodland art movement.
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PTE play shines a light on cultural harms caused by forgeries

Ben Waldman 5 minute read Preview
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PTE play shines a light on cultural harms caused by forgeries

Ben Waldman 5 minute read Wednesday, Feb. 25, 2026

Drew Hayden Taylor explores art authentication with his signature wit in The Undeniable Accusations of Red Cadmium Light, a play inspired by the ongoing challenges to the artistic legacy of Anishinaabe painter Norval Morrisseau.

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Wednesday, Feb. 25, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                James Stewart (centre) sands pieces for one of 22 beds. The beds, along with 500 donated coats and seven wheelchairs, are headed to the remote First Nation.
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Organizations join forces to make First Nation kids’ dreams a little sweeter

John Longhurst 4 minute read Preview
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Organizations join forces to make First Nation kids’ dreams a little sweeter

John Longhurst 4 minute read Wednesday, Feb. 25, 2026

Nearly two dozen children in Pukatawagan will be able to sleep in their own new beds this week, thanks to the Manitoba chapter of the Knights of Columbus and Sleep in Heavenly Peace.

The Knights, an organization that helps Catholic men live out their faith through service to their parishes and the community, has partnered with Sleep in Heavenly Peace to provide 22 beds for the children.

The beds, which are being shipped in pieces, will arrive this week by truck and train, together with 500 donated coats and seven wheelchairs. The cost of all the items, along with transportation, has been covered by the Manitoba chapter of the Knights.

A group of volunteers, led by Mark Desjardins, who leads the chapter, will leave Wednesday, driving to the community located about 200 kilometres north of The Pas to assemble and install the beds.

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Wednesday, Feb. 25, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                Jamie Wilson, Manitoba Hydro’s first Indigenous board chair, plans to meet First Nations chiefs in person this year, saying he wants to work in tandem with communities, not against them.

First Nations hopeful as Hydro’s first Indigenous chair eyes reversing years of enmity

Gabrielle Piché 6 minute read Preview

First Nations hopeful as Hydro’s first Indigenous chair eyes reversing years of enmity

Gabrielle Piché 6 minute read Tuesday, Feb. 24, 2026

Manitoba Hydro’s first Indigenous board chair says he has reconciliation on his mind as First Nations-driven lawsuits pile up against the Crown corporation and two of its major project licences are set to expire.

“I think there’s a lot of opportunity on the reconciliation side in Manitoba,” said Jamie Wilson, 58, a former treaty commissioner. “The more you understand the history, the more you understand the opportunity.”

Wilson, a member of Opaskwayak Cree Nation, grew up on a farm in The Pas. He remembered neighbours worked at Hydro but didn’t think much about the public utility — just enough to know it kept the house warm in the winter.

Opaskwayak recently took Ottawa to court over a Grand Rapids hydro dam and its impact on band members, CBC reported.

Read
Tuesday, Feb. 24, 2026

Festival du Voyageur and the modern fur industry

Tracy Groenewegen 5 minute read Tuesday, Feb. 24, 2026

Festival du Voyageur, which wrapped up its 57th annual run this past weekend, is hard to pin down.

It is Western Canada’s largest winter festival and francophone event. It celebrates Indigenous history and culture. It used to hold staged gunfights or “skirmishes” and a casino.

It can be easy to forget that Festival du Voyageur is at its core a celebration of Canada’s fur trade history. Without the fur trade, there would be no Canada as we know it. Among other things, it was the engine of French settlement in North America and gave birth to the Metis Nation. At the same time, the fur trade had profound and lasting negative impacts on Indigenous communities and devastated local populations of beavers and other animals. Any event that commemorates a history as deeply contentious as that of the fur trade — especially one that draws tens of thousands of people each year — must do so responsibly.

Festival du Voyageur agrees.

RUTH BONNEVILLE / FREE PRESS
                                Local developer Paragon Design Build originally agreed to include 38 affordable suites in the building but the number was cut to 18 on Monday.

Councillors approve developer’s request to cut number of affordable units in new West Broadway apartment block

Malak Abas 5 minute read Preview

Councillors approve developer’s request to cut number of affordable units in new West Broadway apartment block

Malak Abas 5 minute read Monday, Feb. 23, 2026

City councillors have approved a developer’s request to reduce the number of affordable housing units that will be included in the construction of a new Sherbrook Street apartment complex.

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Monday, Feb. 23, 2026
A moose grazes in a field of canola bordering the Trans-Canada Highway west of Brandon in this file photo. In a recently filed statement of defence, the province argues a First Nation’s moose-hunting lawsuit should be tossed out. (File)

Manitoba urges court to throw out First Nation’s moose-hunt lawsuit

Erik Pindera 3 minute read Preview

Manitoba urges court to throw out First Nation’s moose-hunt lawsuit

Erik Pindera 3 minute read Sunday, Feb. 22, 2026

The Manitoba government is arguing a northern First Nation’s lawsuit over moose hunting on its traditional territory should be tossed out of court.

Misipawistik Cree Nation filed its statement of claim in the Court of King’s Bench in September, arguing licensed moose hunting on its traditional lands northwest of Lake Winnipeg infringes on the community’s treaty rights to hunt moose for food amid dwindling populations of the big game animal.

But in a recently filed statement of defence, the province argues it has upheld its duties.

“Manitoba denies that there have been any unjustified infringements of Treaty No. 5, that it has failed to act honourably toward the plaintiff, or that any court intervention or other remedy is required,” reads the government court filing.

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Sunday, Feb. 22, 2026
Lisa Budney holds a protest sign as people take part in a pro-Canada anti-separatist rally in Edmonton on Saturday, Feb. 21, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Ryan Jackson

Albertans react to looming referendum during weekend rally, call-in radio show

Fakiha Baig, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

Albertans react to looming referendum during weekend rally, call-in radio show

Fakiha Baig, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Monday, Feb. 23, 2026

EDMONTON - Some callers to Danielle Smith's provincewide radio show expressed support for a referendum the Alberta premier announced this week, while others at a rally outside the legislature said they're disheartened with the direction Smith is taking.

One caller congratulated Smith on her morning radio show for her speech on Thursday announcing the Oct. 19 referendum, which is to include questions about whether social services should be restricted for newcomers.

"It reflected what many Albertans wanted to hear," the caller told Smith.

"You're on the right track and I'm so thankful you're the premier at such a time as this," another caller told her.

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Monday, Feb. 23, 2026
Prime Minister Mark Carney delivers opening remarks ahead of the Métis Major Projects Summit at the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in Ottawa on Thursday, Aug. 7, 2025. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Spencer Colby

Indigenous leaders outline priorities for spring sitting of Parliament

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Preview

Indigenous leaders outline priorities for spring sitting of Parliament

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Monday, Feb. 23, 2026

OTTAWA - Indigenous leaders were braced for change after the last federal election, when Prime Minister Mark Carney's win ushered in a new look for the Liberal government after 10 years under Justin Trudeau.

That change has compelled those leaders to build relationships with new cabinet ministers and a revolving cast of public servants working on Indigenous files.

First Nations, Inuit and Métis leaders have a long list of priorities they want the federal government to work on, including the introduction of a series of bills on self-government and clean drinking water.

Here's what they'll be watching for.

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Monday, Feb. 23, 2026
Alberta Premier Danielle Smith answers questions at a news conference in Calgary, on Friday, Feb. 20, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Todd Korol

Alberta premier asks voters to bypass Indigenous rights

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview

Alberta premier asks voters to bypass Indigenous rights

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Saturday, Feb. 21, 2026

There is a standard playbook that politicians use when they have mismanaged an economy, want to divert attention from a scandal, or violate citizen rights and the law: Blame the brown people.

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Saturday, Feb. 21, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                ‘I am bound and determined to get what is rightfully ours, and this has nothing to do with money,’ said Norway House Chief Larson Anderson.

Norway House files suit against Hydro, governments over Lake Winnipeg

Erik Pindera 5 minute read Preview

Norway House files suit against Hydro, governments over Lake Winnipeg

Erik Pindera 5 minute read Saturday, Feb. 21, 2026

Norway House Cree Nation is suing Manitoba Hydro and the provincial and federal governments over how the public utility manipulates the level of Lake Winnipeg.

It’s the latest litigation launched by a First Nation in relation to Hydro’s regulation of the outflow of the lake into the Nelson River, which it has done since the mid-1970s.

Norway House filed its claim in the Court of King’s Bench on Thursday. It alleges Hydro and the Manitoba government have misrepresented the severity and scope of the adverse effects to the community caused by the regulation operation and the construction of a channel from Lake Winnipeg to Playgreen Lake.

The community, which is about 460 kilometres north of Winnipeg, near the northern shore of Lake Winnipeg, hired engineering firm DHI Water and Environments Inc. to conduct a scientific assessment of the effects of the regulation project.

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Saturday, Feb. 21, 2026
An artist’s depiction shows the signing of Treaty 1 at Lower Fort Garry in August 1871. (Archives of Manitoba)

Province, treaty commission develop new Grade 12 course

Maggie Macintosh 5 minute read Preview

Province, treaty commission develop new Grade 12 course

Maggie Macintosh 5 minute read Friday, Feb. 20, 2026

Manitoba’s newest Grade 12 elective investigates the meaning of the phrase: “We Are All Treaty People.”

The education department teamed up with the Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba to co-create a social studies curriculum.

Ahead of the winter term, the duo unveiled a new 40S credit: Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities.

“I don’t know anywhere else in Canada where this has happened,” said Connie Wyatt Anderson, treaty education lead for the commission.

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Friday, Feb. 20, 2026
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