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The Free Press Social Studies Grade 12 Education Subject Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities

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Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities

Please review each article prior to use: grade-level applicability and curricular alignment might not be obvious from the headline alone.

Remains of an encampment on the Red River that runs along Waterfront Drive as seen in April. (Mike Deal / Free Press files)
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City missing opportunity to help the homeless, save significant amount of money

Dan Lett 5 minute read Preview
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City missing opportunity to help the homeless, save significant amount of money

Dan Lett 5 minute read Wednesday, May. 6, 2026

By all accounts, Winnipeg could face a tsunami of homelessness this summer. And, by many of those same accounts, Winnipeg is woefully unprepared.

Last month, End Homelessness Winnipeg released a new audit of the number of people living on Winnipeg streets and found that it had risen exponentially over the last year. The best, current estimate is that more than 8,200 Winnipeggers were living without adequate housing, and over half that number meeting the definition of chronic homelessness.

Agencies that support the homeless population have warned the city and province that warmer weather usually expands the number of people living rough on the streets. They have pleaded for more immediate help to deal with this impending crisis.

Government is responding, albeit rather unevenly.

Read
Wednesday, May. 6, 2026
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Man takes First Nation to court over banishment

Erik Pindera 4 minute read Tuesday, May. 5, 2026

A Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation man argues bylaws that authorize mandatory checkstops to enter the community and the banishment of band members from reserve lands are unconstitutional.

Terry Wayne Francois, with lawyers funded by the Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms working on his behalf, filed a statement of claim in Manitoba’s Court of King’s Bench last week.

The claim names the First Nation, about 80 kilometres west of Thompson, as defendant. The community, also known as Nelson House, has yet to reply in court.

Francois argues two of the community’s bylaws violate multiple Charter of Rights and Freedoms protections and should be struck down by a judge as unconstitutional.

Josh Pearlman Photo, File
                                There are disagreements about how northern Manitoba’s pristine Seal River watershed should be formally protected.
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Conservation shouldn’t come at the cost of access

Carly Deacon 5 minute read Preview
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Conservation shouldn’t come at the cost of access

Carly Deacon 5 minute read Tuesday, May. 5, 2026

The Seal River Watershed in northern Manitoba is one of the last great intact ecosystems in North America.

Read
Tuesday, May. 5, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS FILES
                                President of the Manitoba Métis Federation, David Chartrand, was awarded court costs of $6.02 million after being unsuccessfully sued by the Métis National Council last year.
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Chartrand lauds court decision as ‘victory for Red River Métis’

Kevin Rollason 4 minute read Preview
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Chartrand lauds court decision as ‘victory for Red River Métis’

Kevin Rollason 4 minute read Monday, May. 4, 2026

The president of the Manitoba Métis Federation and others have been awarded nearly $12 million in legal fees after an unfounded and unreasonable attack by the Métis National Council, a judge has ruled.

Ontario Superior Court Justice Loretta Merritt said in a 15-page decision released on Monday that she was awarding court costs of $6.02 million to MMF president David Chartrand, $1.3 million to Clement Chartier, the MNC’s former president for almost two decades, and $2.06 million to former MNC executive director Wenda Watteyne.

The judge also awarded $2.4 million in costs to several consulting firms and consultants whose reputations were damaged when they were  falsely accused by the MNC of aiding the unfounded allegations of financial impropriety.

“Mr. Chartier and president (Chartrand) have devoted their lives to advancing the interests of the Métis nation,” Merritt wrote. “Ms. Watteyne dedicated the vast majority of her career to the service of the Métis community.

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Monday, May. 4, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                Brandon Murdock at CEDA on Friday. He is trying to finish a degree he started in 2012 in part to be a role model for his son.

Study probes experiences of Indigenous grads

Maggie Macintosh 4 minute read Preview

Study probes experiences of Indigenous grads

Maggie Macintosh 4 minute read Monday, May. 4, 2026

Brandon Murdock recalled thinking in 2020 that, despite his struggling academic performance, he had “a solid case” to remain enrolled at the University of Winnipeg.

Murdock was mistaken — it didn’t matter that he’d missed a voluntary course withdrawal date because he’d been overwhelmed with grief amid a wave of COVID-19-related deaths in Fisher River Cree Nation, the 31-year-old said.

There was little slack for a student who had already been suspended once before. His arts degree program, which he began in 2012, was initially put on hold in 2015 because his attendance, grades and motivation suffered during a family health crisis.

Murdock shared those challenges, among others he’s faced as a first-generation university student who grew up in foster care, as part of a recent study about the experiences of Indigenous and racialized Grade 12 graduates in Winnipeg.

Read
Monday, May. 4, 2026
Masked demonstrators sit atop drilling equipment on Thursday, April 30, 2026, in Pennington County, S.D., with a banner reading Sacred ground not mining bound. (Angel White Eyes via AP)

Tribes sue to halt exploratory drilling in Black Hills near sacred ceremonial site

Sarah Raza, The Associated Press 5 minute read Preview

Tribes sue to halt exploratory drilling in Black Hills near sacred ceremonial site

Sarah Raza, The Associated Press 5 minute read Tuesday, May. 5, 2026

SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) — Nine Native American tribes in South Dakota, North Dakota and Nebraska are suing the federal government in a bid to stop exploratory drilling for graphite near a sacred site in the Black Hills.

A small group of opponents has been demonstrating at the drilling location and at the mining company's headquarters in what they call a land defense effort since they learned ground was broken on the drilling project in late April.

The tribes filed their federal lawsuit Thursday in South Dakota against the U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Department of Agriculture, alleging the agencies violated federal law by greenlighting a project near a site called Pe’Sla, a meadow in the central Black Hills used for tribal ceremonies, prayer and youth camps year-round. Buffalo regularly graze at the site, the suit said, adding the project poses a threat to wildlife.

Graphite has many industrial uses, including in batteries, lubricants, certain auto parts and in blast furnaces, according to website of the European Carbon and Graphite Association.

Read
Tuesday, May. 5, 2026
John Woods / THE CANADIAN PRESS FILES
                                The Manitoba Law Courts building in Winnipeg.

Feds, province urge court to toss ’60s Scoop lawsuits

Erik Pindera 5 minute read Preview

Feds, province urge court to toss ’60s Scoop lawsuits

Erik Pindera 5 minute read Sunday, May. 3, 2026

Lawyers for the provincial and federal governments argue two lawsuits filed by the Manitoba Métis Federation over the apprehension of Métis children during the ’60s Scoop should be rejected.

In its first claim, filed in the Court of King’s Bench in November, the federation says the federal and provincial governments owe it damages for the harm caused by the ’60s Scoop to the Red River Métis as a whole.

In separate statements of defence filed in April, the two governments argue that lawsuit should be dismissed.

The Manitoba government, in its response, said it acknowledges children’s aid societies apprehended Indigenous children, including Métis, at a disproportionate rate and that many were placed for adoption in non-Indigenous homes across Canada and in the United States, which contributed to a loss in culture.

Read
Sunday, May. 3, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS FILES
                                The facility that supported the search for the remains of Morgan Harris and Marcedes Myran at the Prairie Green Landfill has been removed.

One small step forward — and a challenge to take another

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview

One small step forward — and a challenge to take another

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Friday, May. 1, 2026

We live in a Manitoba where every tax-paying citizen, whether they supported searching the landfill or not, is responsible in one way or another in treating Indigenous women as human beings.

Read
Friday, May. 1, 2026
Prime Minister Mark Carney speaks during an interview with The Canadian Press in Ottawa, on Friday, May 1, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Spencer Colby

Alberta oil pipeline is ‘more likely than not’ Carney says

Nick Murray, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview

Alberta oil pipeline is ‘more likely than not’ Carney says

Nick Murray, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Saturday, May. 2, 2026

OTTAWA - Prime Minister Mark Carney says a new oil pipeline out of Alberta is "more likely than not."

In his first sit-down interview with The Canadian Press since becoming prime minister more than a year ago, Carney said Friday that given the increased global demand for secure new sources of energy due to the war in Iran, and Canada's need to diversify to Asian markets, a new pipeline is "more probable than possible."

"It's all part of a bigger package. We're making progress on that bigger package," Carney said, referring to the memorandum of understanding his government signed with Alberta late last year.

"Part of our job is to figure out ways to make that work, to make it work that's combined with reducing the emissions associated with oil.

Read
Saturday, May. 2, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS
                                Census data helps define the socioeconomic makeup of neighbourhoods.
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Census data does much more than determine population

Kevin Rollason 8 minute read Preview
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Census data does much more than determine population

Kevin Rollason 8 minute read Friday, May. 1, 2026

The children of families who live in public housing in Tuxedo are more likely to graduate from high school, go to college or university, and less likely to need income assistance when they become adults than their counterparts who live just off Main Street in the North End.

How do we know this? The national census.

Officially known as the Census of Population, in the next few weeks, an estimated 41 million Canadians will receive this year’s census to fill in the boxes that reflect their lives. Most will receive the short form, which census officials say should take only five to 10 minutes to fill out. But 25 per cent of Canadians will receive the lengthier long-form census, which includes more demographic questions, and takes about a half-hour or so to complete, depending on the size of the household.

It’s only when the numbers are tallied that we will know exactly how many people there are in the country.

Read
Friday, May. 1, 2026
JOHN WOODS / FREE PRESS A squirrel is seen on a baseball field at Fairgrove Park as the city has announced that it will start a ground squirrel management program involving the use of Rozol RTU Field Rodent Bait and RoCon Concentrate Rodenticide at several city parks Tuesday, April 7, 2026. reporter: ?
                                JOHN WOODS / FREE PRESS

Innocuous critter or varmint to vanquish? Debating best approach to Richardson’s ground squirrel long a Prairie predicament

Conrad Sweatman 6 minute read Preview

Innocuous critter or varmint to vanquish? Debating best approach to Richardson’s ground squirrel long a Prairie predicament

Conrad Sweatman 6 minute read Friday, May. 1, 2026

A peculiar debate brewed in the pages of Saskatchewan’s newspapers in 2001.

It did not concern post-9/11 security or squabbles over federal gun and environmental policies, though it did evoke other perennial Canadian political tensions.

It had to do with gophers.

Saskatchewan’s NDP government was choosing an animal to symbolize the province, and the suggestion of a gopher was driving some squirrelly.

Read
Friday, May. 1, 2026
FILE
                                Manitoba forest fire damage

The blunt — and massive — cost of forest fires

Editorial 4 minute read Preview

The blunt — and massive — cost of forest fires

Editorial 4 minute read Friday, May. 1, 2026

It’s a total that’s bound to go up — because all of the costs aren’t clear yet, and even when they are, not every cost can be quantified.

Read
Friday, May. 1, 2026
President Donald Trump speaks in the Oval Office of the White House, Thursday, April 30, 2026, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

Trump gives go-ahead to major new Canada-US oil pipeline

Mead Gruver And Matthew Brown, The Associated Press 4 minute read Preview

Trump gives go-ahead to major new Canada-US oil pipeline

Mead Gruver And Matthew Brown, The Associated Press 4 minute read Friday, May. 1, 2026

FORT COLLINS, Colo. (AP) — President Donald Trump granted a key approval Thursday for a major new oil pipeline from Canada into the U.S. that’s been dubbed “Keystone Light” over its similarities to a contentious project blocked by the Biden administration.

The three-foot-wide (1 meter) Bridger Pipeline Expansion would carry up to 550,000 barrels (87,400 cubic meters) of oil a day from Canada through Montana and Wyoming, where it would link with another pipeline.

The pipeline needs additional state and federal environmental approvals before construction, which company officials expect to start next year. Environmentalists hope to stop the project over worries that the pipeline could break and spill.

At peak volume, the 650-mile (1,050-kilometer) pipeline would move two-thirds as much oil as the better-known Keystone XL pipeline that got partially built before President Joe Biden, citing climate change, canceled its permit on the day he took office in 2021.

Read
Friday, May. 1, 2026
Voters leave a polling station after casting ballots in an Alberta byelection for the Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills riding, in Cremona, Alta., Monday, June 23, 2025.THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jeff McIntosh

Alberta voter info database shut down amidst probes of alleged data breach

Jack Farrell and Lisa Johnson, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Preview

Alberta voter info database shut down amidst probes of alleged data breach

Jack Farrell and Lisa Johnson, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Friday, May. 1, 2026

EDMONTON - A database belonging to an Alberta separatist group was shut down Thursday as elections officials and Mounties probe an alleged voter-list privacy breach affecting up to three million Albertans.

“The RCMP has initiated an investigation and is working with other law enforcement partners in the province to determine if any offences have been committed,” Alberta’s Mounties said in a statement.

Earlier Thursday, Elections Alberta officials were in court where they argued for and were granted an injunction to have the group, called the Centurion Project, be ordered to take down the database.

Joey Redman, a lawyer for the elections agency, told Court of King's Bench Justice John Little that the information on the list, and therefore in the database, is "incredibly confidential."

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Friday, May. 1, 2026
Ruth Bonneville / Free Press
                                Rubaboo — A Métis Cabaret was created by and stars Métis singer-songwriter Andrea Menard (centre).
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RMTC's Rubaboo: A Métis Cabaret is a musical mélange of jazz, folk, roots

Conrad Sweatman 5 minute read Preview
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RMTC's Rubaboo: A Métis Cabaret is a musical mélange of jazz, folk, roots

Conrad Sweatman 5 minute read Wednesday, Apr. 29, 2026

You’ve probably had sirop d’érable and pemmican, but have you tried rubaboo?

A scoop of peas or corn, a dash of flour and onions, bison meat if you have it, a maple syrup garnish — and suddenly you’re cooking with bear grease (which you shouldn’t forget to add, either).

In a pinch, you might substitute grouse for bison meat, and throw in some extra turnip and parsnip plus wild vegetables to thicken your rubaboo stew.

Cooking and fusion metaphors are never far from how we talk about cultural blending, but in Canada, we’ve tended to resist America’s more assimilationist image of the melting pot. Instead, we talk of mosaics, or sometimes salad bowls, to emphasize eclecticism.

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Wednesday, Apr. 29, 2026
Grant’s Old Mill is a historic site on Sturgeon Creek in St. James. (Ruth Bonneville / Free Press)
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Structural issues forced Grant’s Old Mill, built in 1973, to shut down

Kevin Rollason 5 minute read Preview
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Structural issues forced Grant’s Old Mill, built in 1973, to shut down

Kevin Rollason 5 minute read Monday, Apr. 27, 2026

Grant’s Old Mill, a longtime city landmark, is closed due to structural problems as the Manitoba Métis Federation looks to discuss its future with Winnipeg’s mayor.

MMF minister Will Gooden is a descendant of Métis leader Cuthbert Grant, the man commemorated by the replica mill along Sturgeon Creek. He said MMF president David Chartrand wants to set up a meeting with Mayor Scott Gillingham.

“It’s an opportunity now to see what we can make happen here,” Gooden said Monday. “It is a replica, but it is still very significant, not just for the Red River Métis, but also for that part of town.”

The water mill, located at 2777 Portage Ave., was constructed in 1973 as a City of Winnipeg centennial project and was officially opened by then-premier Ed Schreyer in 1975. It is a replica of the mill constructed by Grant in 1829.

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Monday, Apr. 27, 2026
SUPPLIED
                                The MV Poplar River, operated by the Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation.

Court rules against Manitoba First Nation in barge battle with Crown corporation

Erik Pindera 4 minute read Preview

Court rules against Manitoba First Nation in barge battle with Crown corporation

Erik Pindera 4 minute read Saturday, Apr. 25, 2026

A Manitoba judge has dismissed a request from Poplar River First Nation asking a federal Crown corporation be ordered to continue operating a barge on Lake Winnipeg, ruling the Court of King’s Bench does not have jurisdiction in the matter.

The federal government has been looking to divest itself of the Freshwater Fish Marketing Corp., which held a monopoly on fish marketing and sales in the country upon its creation in 1969. It has since lost economic power as provinces, including Manitoba, have opted out.

A government-appointed advisory council, established in 2018, recommended several years ago that regional fishing groups and processors, or an Indigenous economic development corporation, take the reins as a private, user-owned operation.

Poplar River is concerned the divestment will end the community’s use of the MV Poplar River barge, owned by the Crown corporation. The remote First Nation on the east shore of Lake Winnipeg relies on the barge to drive its economy through fishing.

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Saturday, Apr. 25, 2026
RUTH BONNEVILLE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Murray Sinclair was one of Manitoba’s first Indigenous lawyers and was appointed the province’s first-ever Indigenous judge. École Selkirk Junior High will be renamed in his honour.

Schools honouring my father will help make Canada a more inclusive place

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview

Schools honouring my father will help make Canada a more inclusive place

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Friday, Apr. 24, 2026

This fall, SCI – now École Selkirk Junior High – will be renamed École Murray Sinclair Middle School in honour of my father’s accomplishments. I can only imagine how many people Dad has told in the spirit world.

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Friday, Apr. 24, 2026
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, and Manitoba Métis Federation President David Chartrand speak together at the Louis Riel Commemoration Event in Winnipeg on Sunday Nov. 16, 2025 at the Saint Boniface Cathedral. THE CANADIAN PRESS/David Lipnowski
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Manitoba Métis president rebukes AFN chief over call for withdrawal of treaty

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview
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Manitoba Métis president rebukes AFN chief over call for withdrawal of treaty

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Saturday, May. 16, 2026

OTTAWA - The president of the Manitoba Métis Federation is accusing the Assembly of First Nations of misleading people about legislation that would codify the federation's right to self-government.

On Thursday, Assembly of First Nations National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak took aim at a first-of-its-kind treaty between the federal government and the Manitoba Métis Federation, which came up for debate in the House of Commons on Wednesday.

Woodhouse Nepinak said in a media statement the legislation threatens to create a hierarchy of rights, with First Nations at the bottom.

“This piece of legislation must not proceed until First Nations voices’ are heard and our rights are respected, protected and upheld,” Woodhouse Nepinak wrote, saying Bill C-21 was developed without consultations with First Nations, despite it having implications for First Nations lands in Manitoba "and beyond."

Read
Saturday, May. 16, 2026
Photo from Dead of Winter
                                Notinikew (i went to war) was recorded by Dead of Winter with members of the Winnipeg Boys’ Choir at the Chapel of St. John the Evangelist, St. John’s College, at the University of Manitoba.
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Stirring oratorio pays homage to Indigenous veterans

Conrad Sweatman 5 minute read Preview
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Stirring oratorio pays homage to Indigenous veterans

Conrad Sweatman 5 minute read Friday, Apr. 24, 2026

‘My war wasn’t in Europe. My war was when I came back to Canada and I couldn’t vote until 1962,” says composer Andrew Balfour. He’s paraphrasing a quote by an Indigenous veteran and the inspiration for his oratorio notinikew (i went to war).

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Friday, Apr. 24, 2026
THE CANADIAN PRESS FILES
                                Housing, Addictions and Homelessness Minister Bernadette Smith said the province is taking action to create more affordable housing for Indigenous seniors.
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Shortage of housing for Indigenous seniors in city raising concerns ahead of northern flood, fire evacuations

Carol Sanders 4 minute read Preview
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Shortage of housing for Indigenous seniors in city raising concerns ahead of northern flood, fire evacuations

Carol Sanders 4 minute read Thursday, Apr. 23, 2026

A small group of women elders is expressing concerns about a lack of urban housing for Indigenous seniors, warning the crisis will only worsen as flood and wildfire evacuations uproot more from their communities.

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Thursday, Apr. 23, 2026
ANTHONY URSO PHOTO
                                A portion of Monk Creek winds through the property.
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Family donates 636 acres of peatlands near Elma to nature conservancy

Tyler Searle 3 minute read Preview
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Family donates 636 acres of peatlands near Elma to nature conservancy

Tyler Searle 3 minute read Thursday, Apr. 23, 2026

A Manitoba family is doing their part to support the ecosystem by making a deal with the Nature Conservancy of Canada to protect 636 acres of peatlands in perpetuity.

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Thursday, Apr. 23, 2026
Louise May’s maple syrup project took on a spiritual aspect when kookum Christine Cyr (left) started incorporating the sugary liquid in Sundance ceremonies. (Mikaela MacKenzie / Free Press)

Syrup season in swing

Mikaela MacKenzie 2 minute read Preview

Syrup season in swing

Mikaela MacKenzie 2 minute read Tuesday, Apr. 21, 2026

Louise May has been tapping the trees at the St. Norbert Arts Centre for 37 years, extracting the nectar that becomes maple syrup.

May began making syrup as a way to connect with the trees and continue in the footsteps of the Trappist monks who originally planted the maple trees more than a century ago.

Recently, the endeavour has taken a more spiritual turn as May began collaborating with kookum Christine Cyr and sharing the syrup for a strawberry heart medicine used during Sundance ceremonies, which include a four-day fast.

“This is a really powerful medicine,” says Cyr. “It physically and spiritually helps people to get through” the ceremony when it is typically taken on the third day of the fast. At the beginning of the season, community members drummed, sang, and offered tobacco to each tree as May put the taps in.

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Tuesday, Apr. 21, 2026
An employee carries luggage to an Air North ATR 42 aircraft as cargo, including fresh fruits and vegetables, sits on a truck after being unloaded during a scheduled stop in Old Crow, Yukon, while en route from Whitehorse to Inuvik, N.W.T., on Wednesday, July 23, 2025. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck
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High fuel prices driving up shipping costs for northern grocers

Ritika Dubey, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Preview
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High fuel prices driving up shipping costs for northern grocers

Ritika Dubey, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Tuesday, May. 12, 2026

Whether it's Florida oranges, Colombian coffee or even homegrown items from another province, food has often travelled a long way before it reaches grocery stores in Canada.

The supply chain gets even longer for communities in the Far North.

Typically, groceries are loaded onto a truck and taken to a launch point in cities like Ottawa or Winnipeg. They're then flown, or shipped by sea, to finally reach the shelves of remote northern grocery stores.

It's an expensive journey. By the time groceries reach northern communities, the added transport costs mean items are priced significantly higher than what most Canadians pay at the grocery store — and even more for fresh and perishable produce.

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Tuesday, May. 12, 2026
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