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October 21, 2026

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The Free Press Social Studies Grade 12 Education Subject Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities

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Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities

Please review each article prior to use: grade-level applicability and curricular alignment might not be obvious from the headline alone.

RUTH BONNEVILLE / FREE PRESS files
                                Yellowquill University College in Winnipeg has provided post-secondary education grounded in First Nations knowledge, cultures and community needs for more than 40 years. As of Oct. 1, it now has the authority to grant degrees.

New chapter for Yellowquill University College

Tory McNally 7 minute read Preview

New chapter for Yellowquill University College

Tory McNally 7 minute read Saturday, Oct. 17, 2026

Sometimes, a milestone is about much more than a degree. It is about opportunity, recognition and the doors that open for the people who come next.

Yellowquill University College reached a historic milestone on Oct. 1, when new Manitoba legislation came into effect formally recognizing the institution within the province’s post-secondary education system and granting it authority to award degrees.

Established in 1984, Yellowquill is now Manitoba’s first fully recognized First Nations-owned and operated post-secondary institution with degree-granting authority.

It is an achievement worth celebrating, not only for Yellowquill and the communities it serves, but also for what it represents about education, career development and the future of Manitoba’s workforce.

Read
Saturday, Oct. 17, 2026
JOHN WOODS / FREE PRESS FILES
                                The Granite Curling Club worries a nearby housing complex threatens the club’s viability.

Granite Curling Club wants judge to stop work on housing project, review city’s decisions

Erik Pindera 4 minute read Preview

Granite Curling Club wants judge to stop work on housing project, review city’s decisions

Erik Pindera 4 minute read Friday, Oct. 16, 2026

The Granite Curling Club has filed a new court action asking a judge to review and quash City of Winnipeg decisions on a controversial project that would construct a 110-unit housing complex on its parking lot — and to issue an injunction stopping work for now.

The new notice of application, filed in the Court of King’s Bench on Wednesday, comes as a judge mulls his decision on an earlier court application from the club over how the city moved forward on approving the development.

The developer has since begun what it calls “investigative work” at the site, conducting some digging to prepare for a heritage resources impact assessment that will determine whether the area has archeological significance, the chief executive of the University of Winnipeg Community Renewal Corp. Inc. 2.0 said earlier this week.

Work at the site prompted the club’s lawyers to file the new application, which will have its first hearing on Oct. 26.

Read
Friday, Oct. 16, 2026
Free Press files
                                Kyra Wilson, Grand Chief of the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs.

First Nations should not have to defend truth of residential schools

Kyra Wilson 5 minute read Preview

First Nations should not have to defend truth of residential schools

Kyra Wilson 5 minute read Friday, Oct. 16, 2026

The truth about residential schools should never have been this difficult for Canada to acknowledge. And it should never be this difficult to defend.

Read
Friday, Oct. 16, 2026
The Associated Press files
                                Manitoba’s moose population is vulnerable.

Reversing Manitoba’s moose decline

Hank Hristienko 4 minute read Preview

Reversing Manitoba’s moose decline

Hank Hristienko 4 minute read Friday, Oct. 16, 2026

As Manitoba’s retired provincial moose manager, I have watched our moose population plummet from historic highs to a state of systemic vulnerability. Reversing this decline, which has seen numbers drop from 45,000 during the 1960s to fewer than 20,000 today, will require balancing the conservation needs of moose, Section 35 constitutional treaty rights, licensed hunter expectations and economic development.

To avert further attrition, all stakeholders, including Manitoba Natural Resources, must accept responsibility for their part in this decline, with industrial and recreational development acting as the primary drivers.

This long-overdue discussion must not devolve into a debate over competing hunting rights; instead, it must focus entirely on building long-term population resilience. Wildlife management must evolve alongside the changing landscapes and dynamics that development brings. We can no longer practise the same methods and hope for a better result. Immediate action is required.

As long as moose are legally managed as a “natural resource,” they will inevitably be viewed through the lens of a commodity rather than a vulnerable species in need of protection. For any population to remain stable or grow, total mortality cannot exceed recruitment — the survival of calves to breeding age. If mortality outpaces recruitment, decline is inevitable.

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Friday, Oct. 16, 2026
SUPPLIED
                                Bloodvein initially established a checkstop on its access road in May 2025 to prevent drugs and alcohol from entering the reserve.

Chief says minister offered money to remove highway checkstop

Kelly-Anne Riess 5 minute read Preview

Chief says minister offered money to remove highway checkstop

Kelly-Anne Riess 5 minute read Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026

The chief of the Bloodvein River First Nation says a Manitoba cabinet minister offered up to $250,000 for economic development as he was trying to persuade her to remove a highway checkstop that has outraged hunters.

Read
Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026
TIM SMITH / THE BRANDON SUN FILES
                                Premier Wab Kinew went out of his way to say residential school denialism should be left to the work of “education.”

Education alone cannot combat residential school denialism

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview

Education alone cannot combat residential school denialism

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026

Premier Wab Kinew has triggered a lot of attention after stating that residential school denialism should not be criminalized.

His comments were made in response to a question about Winnipeg NDP MP Leah Gazan’s private member’s bill, which aims to make condoning, denying or minimizing the residential school system a crime under the Criminal Code.

First Nations leaders, residential school survivors, and organizations such as the Manitoba Teachers’ Society have endorsed the bill, but Kinew disagrees with it.

“I have a lot of respect for MP Gazan, but I don’t think we can criminalize this. I think we have to just do the continued work of educating people and trying to combat misinformation,” Kinew said.

Read
Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026
Piping is seen on the top of a receiving platform which will be connected to the Coastal GasLink natural gas pipeline terminus at the LNG Canada export terminal under construction, in Kitimat, B.C., on Wednesday, Sept. 28, 2022. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck

Indigenous groups invest $65.3 million in Coastal GasLink pipeline in B.C.

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

Indigenous groups invest $65.3 million in Coastal GasLink pipeline in B.C.

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Friday, Oct. 16, 2026

CALGARY - A group representing five First Nations says it has invested $65.3 million for an interest in the Coastal GasLink pipeline, which brings natural gas from northeastern B.C. to the LNG Canada plant in Kitimat — and is set for a big expansion.

FN CGL Pipeline Ltd. Partnership said in a news release Tuesday that members are putting up their own funds.

"Our Nations are making this investment with their own capital. No government loan guarantees, no borrowed money,” said Chief Harley Chingee of McLeod Lake Indian Band.

"It was a deliberate choice, the best way to secure maximum benefits from what we believe to be a sound commercial investment. The returns will now belong entirely to the communities, as will decisions as to how they are used."

Read
Friday, Oct. 16, 2026

Manitoba last province requiring physical stakes on mineral claims

Gabrielle Piché 5 minute read Friday, Oct. 9, 2026

Potential Manitoba mine sites bear decor not seen in other provinces: GPS-enabled claim markers.

All other provinces permitting mining have dropped requirements for prospectors to physically stake land claims.

They’ve all moved to digital systems.

As Manitoba politicians trumpet plans to triple mining production, exploration companies and the local prospectors association warn outdated staking methods will slow progress.

Prime Minister Mark Carney announces a new federal heat pump rebate program in Sherbrooke, Que., on Thursday, Oct. 8, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Christinne Muschchi

Special House committee votes to push forward major projects bill

Catherine Morrison, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

Special House committee votes to push forward major projects bill

Catherine Morrison, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Saturday, Oct. 10, 2026

OTTAWA - A special House of Commons committee created to study the Liberals' new economic bill agreed Friday to limit the period it can receive submissions and hear from witnesses.

Members of Parliament passed a motion to begin clause-by-clause consideration of Bill C-39 in mid-November. The House is set to sit until mid-December.

The committee agreed to invite Transport Minister Steven MacKinnon, Environment Minister Julie Dabrusin, Jobs Minister Patty Hajdu and Canada-U.S. Trade Minister Dominic LeBlanc to appear before the committee.

It also agreed to issue a press release asking interested stakeholders to submit briefs to the committee by Oct. 26.

Read
Saturday, Oct. 10, 2026
The grand hall of the temporary Supreme Court of Canada, located in the West Memorial Building in Ottawa, is seen on Friday, Sept. 4, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang

Top court sets sentencing framework for cases involving Indigenous offenders, victims

Jim Bronskill, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

Top court sets sentencing framework for cases involving Indigenous offenders, victims

Jim Bronskill, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Saturday, Oct. 10, 2026

OTTAWA - The Supreme Court of Canada says in cases where an Indigenous offender commits an offence against an intimate partner who is an Indigenous woman, a judge must apply sentencing principles related to both Indigenous offenders and victims of crime in a harmonious way.

In a 5-4 judgment Friday, the top court provided guidance and set out a new framework for determining an appropriate sentence in such cases.

The court said Indigenous people are disproportionately and excessively imprisoned, while Indigenous women and girls suffer from unacceptably high levels of violence and abuse.

"Both of these pressing issues have been shaped by the experiences of colonization, and addressing them together is central to the ongoing process of reconciliation," Justice Michelle O'Bonsawin wrote on behalf of the majority.

Read
Saturday, Oct. 10, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS The latest addition to the polar bear family at the Assiniboine Park Conservancy can now be visited at the Zoo’s Leatherdale International Polar Bear Conservation Centre. The yet to be named orphaned polar bear cub arrived at the Zoo from Churchill in August.

Orphaned polar bear cub has new home at Winnipeg zoo, but life in captivity speaks to complicated challenges facing species

Eva Wasney 16 minute read Preview

Orphaned polar bear cub has new home at Winnipeg zoo, but life in captivity speaks to complicated challenges facing species

Eva Wasney 16 minute read Friday, Oct. 9, 2026

It’s a grey September afternoon and a small group is gathered for a special behind-the-scenes visit with Assiniboine Park Zoo’s newest resident.

“Heeeeere, bubba,” animal-care specialist Caitlin Gordon-Hall hollers from between a double layer of chain-link fencing.

After a beat, a small white face appears at the entrance of the private enclosure. The polar bear cub sniffs the air before trundling toward the fence, where his keepers have been working to encourage calm behaviour around humans ahead of his public debut on Thursday.

Gordon-Hall offers sing-song affirmations while the cub, who is nearly 200 pounds and 10 or 11 months old, observes the fawning strangers with guarded curiosity.

Read
Friday, Oct. 9, 2026
Jeffrey Rath shows his support for Mitch Sylvestre as he submits signatures for a separation referendum to Elections Alberta in Edmonton, on Monday, May 4, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jason Franson

Alberta separatists see an ally in Quebec premier-designate St-Pierre Plamondon

Jack Farrell, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

Alberta separatists see an ally in Quebec premier-designate St-Pierre Plamondon

Jack Farrell, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2026

EDMONTON - Leading figures in the push for Alberta separation are celebrating the election of Quebec premier-designate Paul St-Pierre Plamondon.

Jeff Rath said Tuesday that St-Pierre Plamondon's election victory could change the political dynamic of Canada, especially since the premier-designate has already shown willingness to support Alberta's separatist movement.

"For the first time in Canadian history we have a government in Quebec that supports Alberta independence," Rath said in an interview.

"That's huge."

Read
Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2026
Prime Minister Mark Carney responds to questions from journalists as he arrives on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, before a meeting of the federal cabinet, on Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang

PQ leader says referendum isn’t immediate priority after his party’s election victory

The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

PQ leader says referendum isn’t immediate priority after his party’s election victory

The Canadian Press 5 minute read Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2026

QUÉBEC - Quebec's premier-designate says a referendum on sovereignty is not among his immediate priorities as he focuses instead on homelessness, government spending and attempting to sever the province's ties to the monarchy as his first acts in office.

Parti Québécois Leader Paul St-Pierre Plamondon outlined his plans on Tuesday, one day after Quebecers chose to hand his party a minority government in the provincial legislature.

He has promised to call an independence referendum in his first term in government, but not until after U.S. President Donald Trump leaves office in 2029.

"We’ve got time and we’ve got plenty of urgencies and problems to solve," he said. "I think the upcoming months will be more about topics I mentioned, things that are urgent."

Read
Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2026
SUPPLIED
                                Large swaths of grass and foliage in the protected nature preserve were trampled by heavy equipment in August.

Amazon in the weeds over damage to tall grass reserve

Eva Wasney 7 minute read Preview

Amazon in the weeds over damage to tall grass reserve

Eva Wasney 7 minute read Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2026

Patricia Dutchak was devastated when she first saw the wide swaths of crushed grass and upturned soil at Winnipeg’s Rotary Prairie Nature Park, a municipal heritage site.

“This is a very rare ecosystem, a remnant of tall grass prairie, there’s barely any left in the world, and to come here and see all this damage was heartbreaking,” Dutchak, chair of the Transcona Rotary Club’s parks committee, says.

The club is responsible for maintaining the protected green space, which was significantly damaged this summer when a fence between the park and the neighbouring Amazon distribution centre was relocated.

The 20-acre nature preserve is situated on a narrow tract of land on Regent Avenue West in the commercial heart of Transcona. The park received its municipal heritage designation in 1992 and is, today, surrounded by high-traffic streets, industrial warehouses and car dealerships.

Read
Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2026
Representatives from Calgary Alliance for the Common Good gathered at Scarboro United Church in Calgary, Alta., on September 16, 2026, during the launch of their Get out The Vote Campaign. LEAH HENNEL
No Subscription Required

The idea of Alberta separation viewed through a faith lens shows further fracture lines

Josiah Neufeld 10 minute read Preview
No Subscription Required

The idea of Alberta separation viewed through a faith lens shows further fracture lines

Josiah Neufeld 10 minute read Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026

CALGARY — One morning in May, John Pentland, a minister at Hillhurst United Church in Calgary, opened his newspaper and read about a group of Albertans who were trying to divide his country.

Something inside of him felt like it cracked open. He started to weep.

“I couldn’t stop, I couldn’t breathe,” he said. He called a friend and told him: “I think I’m losing my mind.”

Pentland has always believed in Canada — flawed as it might be — as a nation gifted with diversity and welcoming of asylum seekers, refugees and immigrants. But recently that belief has been shaken as he’s witnessed right-wing ideologies charged with anti-immigrant sentiment take root in his province. It makes him angry and embarrassed for the country he loves.

Read
Saturday, Oct. 3, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS
                                From left: Students Swasti Kumar, 14, with her crochet project about trauma and abnormal DNA musculation in residential school survivors, Nazareth Mallett with his ribbon shirt, and animator/filmmaker Setayesh Khasheei.

U of W Collegiate students thank residential school survivors with the lessons they’ve learned

Maggie Macintosh 6 minute read Preview

U of W Collegiate students thank residential school survivors with the lessons they’ve learned

Maggie Macintosh 6 minute read Friday, Oct. 2, 2026

It’s become a back-to-school tradition for teachers to invite Indigenous elders to their classrooms to share first-hand accounts about the ongoing impacts of Canada’s residential school system.

This fall, the University of Winnipeg Collegiate was among the schools that sent an invitation — but its purpose wasn’t to educate students about the system’s horrors.

“Truth and Reconciliation week is so emotional and draining for residential school survivors,” said Christine M’Lot, a longtime instructor of the school’s Grade 9 truth and reconciliation course.

“I wanted to do something a little bit different and offer a thank you.”

Read
Friday, Oct. 2, 2026
Wayne Glowacki / Free Press files
                                Artist Carey Newman with Witness Blanket, which features objects recovered from residential schools. Newman hopes legislation can be introduced to preserve records detailing abuse at the schools.

Clock ticks down on destruction of records documenting residential school abuses

Marsha McLeod 13 minute read Preview

Clock ticks down on destruction of records documenting residential school abuses

Marsha McLeod 13 minute read Friday, Oct. 2, 2026

In less than a year, a private company is set to destroy the largest cache of records detailing the widespread abuse of Indigenous children at residential schools in Canada.

The destruction, which was ordered by an Ontario court in 2014 and later upheld by the Supreme Court, is set to take place on Sept. 19, 2027.

This countdown is igniting emotional conversations that seek to balance the immense historical value of the records alongside the confidentiality survivors were promised as part of the process of providing detailed testimony about abuses they’d suffered.

The records were created as part of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, a class-action settlement stemming from survivors who began suing the federal government in the late 1990s over the harm they’d been subjected to at residential schools.

Read
Friday, Oct. 2, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Families Minister Nahanni Fontaine announced Mino’Ayaawag Ikwewag Northern Lodge, a new safe space for Indigenous women and their families, will be created in Thompson.

Province putting $8M into safe space for Thompson Indigenous women and families

Free Press staff 3 minute read Preview

Province putting $8M into safe space for Thompson Indigenous women and families

Free Press staff 3 minute read Friday, Oct. 2, 2026

An $8-million provincial investment in the Mino’Ayaawag Ikwewag Northern Lodge in Thompson fulfils the NDP’s 2023 election promise to establish three new 24-7 safe spaces for Indigenous women and their families in that city, Winnipeg and Brandon.

The lodge is expected to be up and running in 2028, Families Minister Nahanni Fontaine, who is also responsible for women and gender equity, said at a news conference in Winnipeg. It builds on a 2025 investment of $3.5 million to establish a first-of-its-kind 24-7 safe space for Indigenous women and their children in Winnipeg, and a 2024 investment of $500,000 to support the creation of Franny’s Place, a new 24-7 safe space in Brandon.

The Mino’Ayaawag Ikwewag (Anishinaabemowin for “all women doing well”) Northern Lodge will operate as a community of care, offering culturally grounded supports that help individuals and families heal, stabilize and rebuild lives at risk of violence.

It will include 10 short-term private studio suites, a communal kitchen and living area, counselling and program space, laundry facilities and a dedicated child-minding area with Indigenous cultural teaching and play-based learning. Residents will have access to trauma-informed supports, cultural programming, parenting supports, peer support and supported connections to housing, health, education, employment and legal services.

Read
Friday, Oct. 2, 2026
Critical mineral development: Grid Metals promotes southeast Manitoba cesium deposit

Critical mineral development: Grid Metals promotes southeast Manitoba cesium deposit

Gabrielle Piché 3 minute read Preview

Critical mineral development: Grid Metals promotes southeast Manitoba cesium deposit

Gabrielle Piché 3 minute read Thursday, Oct. 1, 2026

An exploration company says it’s found the second-largest cesium deposit to be developed in the Western world — and it’s looking to mine in southeastern Manitoba.

Cesium is used in the defence sector, solar panels, internet and phone networks and GPS satellites, among other things. Canadian and United States governments have both deemed it a critical mineral.

It’s rare: just six cesium deposits have been found globally, according to the company behind the Manitoba site.

Grid Metals, a Toronto-based firm, spent October 2025 through March drilling holes in land 130 kilometres east of Winnipeg, at its Falcon West property.

Read
Thursday, Oct. 1, 2026
Emelia Hellman / Geordie Theatre
                                Accompanied by a spirit bear named Maskwa, Jordan gets to see for himself the impact he has on the world.
No Subscription Required

Work aims to share Jordan River Anderson’s heroic legacy with young audiences

Ben Waldman 4 minute read Preview
No Subscription Required

Work aims to share Jordan River Anderson’s heroic legacy with young audiences

Ben Waldman 4 minute read Thursday, Oct. 1, 2026

It isn’t often that Yvette Nolan is brought to tears by her own work.

But at the Montreal premiere of Jordan, the playwright found herself weeping in the aisles.

“I was a mess,” she recalls.

But all around her, the audience of children at Montreal’s Geordie Theatre were cheering at the conclusion of Nolan’s latest work, a fable centred on the heroic influence of Jordan River Anderson, a Norway House boy who spent two years living in hospital because the federal and provincial governments couldn’t agree on which level of elected office should pay for his at-home care.

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Thursday, Oct. 1, 2026
The head of the new federal government Major Projects Office Dawn Farrell listens as Prime Minister Mark Carney announces five major projects in Edmonton on Thursday, Sept. 11, 2025. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Amber Bracken

Indigenous groups given just two months to consult on pipeline project designation

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Preview

Indigenous groups given just two months to consult on pipeline project designation

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2026

OTTAWA - Indigenous communities along the route for the newly announced West Coast oil pipeline were given just two months for consultations on whether the pipeline should be designated a project of national interest — and that was still more than the government had planned.

At first, the consultations were to take place over one month. They were extended to two months after Indigenous leaders raised concerns about the tight timeline.

A summary of those consultations posted online by the federal government says Indigenous groups decried a lack of information about the project, which they said prevented them from fully assessing its impact.

Prime Minister Mark Carney promised his major projects agenda would not interfere with Canada's obligations under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous leaders have warned his government risks violating their rights with "national interest" designations through the Major Projects Office and the controversial Building Canada Act.

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Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2026
Prime Minister Mark Carney listens during an announcement about funding for oceans protection in North Vancouver, B.C., on Tuesday, Sept. 29, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck

Carney gives Alberta pipeline special interest designation, to be called Pacific Link

Fakiha Baig, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

Carney gives Alberta pipeline special interest designation, to be called Pacific Link

Fakiha Baig, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2026

FORT MCMURRAY - A pipeline to haul Alberta oil to tankers on the B.C. coast took a big step forward Thursday.

Prime Minster Mark Carney, with Alberta Premier Danielle Smith at his side, announced the line – to be known as Pacific Link — is the first project to receive national interest designation under the Building Canada Act.

The designation doesn't mean the line is a done deal, but it streamlines and simplifies rules, timelines and oversight to help make it a reality.

The goal is to get consultations, environmental safeguards, financing and Indigenous partnerships completed by Sept. 1, 2027, to clear the way for construction to begin and ensure startup by 2032-33.

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Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2026
Russell Wangersky/Free Press
                                Wildfire smoke over Winnipeg during the summer of 2025. Adam Johnston says the city has to do more to prepare for increased extreme weather events in the future.

Winnipeg’s challenge: preparing for weather extremes

Adam Johnston 5 minute read Preview

Winnipeg’s challenge: preparing for weather extremes

Adam Johnston 5 minute read Thursday, Oct. 1, 2026

A new United Nations report warns the world will exceed the 1.5 C Paris limit by 2030.

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Thursday, Oct. 1, 2026
Former Brandon Indian Residential School survivor Alfred Kirkness fought for decades to honour school’s students.

Hero fought to remember children lost at residential school

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview

Hero fought to remember children lost at residential school

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Tuesday, Sep. 29, 2026

The story of the gravesites of students who attended the Brandon Indian Residential School underneath the Turtle Crossing Campground is truly a Manitoba tragedy.

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Tuesday, Sep. 29, 2026
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