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The Free Press Social Studies Grade 12 Education Subject Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities
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Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities

Please review each article prior to use: grade-level applicability and curricular alignment might not be obvious from the headline alone.

Cat Gauthier photo
                                Katharina Stieffenhofer’s new documentary looks at environmental issues and its defenders.
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Manitoba documentary focuses lens on environmental defenders, beauty of prairies

Conrad Sweatman 4 minute read Preview
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Manitoba documentary focuses lens on environmental defenders, beauty of prairies

Conrad Sweatman 4 minute read Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026

Everything We Need Is Here is the latest sumptuously shot Manitoba film rooted in the Prairie landscape.

Though totally unrelated in subject matter, the documentary recalls the 2024 Daughters of the Sun with its saturated and slow-mo sweeps across boreal forests and limestone tinted lakes.

But while Daughters has much murmured narration and arthouse flair, Everything is a plucky film, a can-do sort of doc about the land and its grassroots defenders.

Their voices resonate strong and clear across storylines that weave together the joys of foraging and local environmental protests.

Read
Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Pimicikamak Cree Nation chief David Monias, left, proposed a resolution that calls on the federal government to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech at the Assembly of First Nations annual general assembly in Ottawa, Tuesday.

Manitoba chiefs behind renewed effort to criminalize residential school denialism

Scott Billeck 4 minute read Preview

Manitoba chiefs behind renewed effort to criminalize residential school denialism

Scott Billeck 4 minute read Wednesday, Jul. 15, 2026

First Nations chiefs from across the country have unanimously passed an emergency resolution that calls on the federal government to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech.

The resolution was adopted Tuesday at the Assembly of First Nations annual general assembly in Ottawa. It was introduced by David Monias, chief of Pimicikamak Cree Nation in Manitoba and seconded by Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak Grand Chief Garrison Settee.

“We must honour the survivors and we must honour every child who never came home,” Monias said Wednesday. “We must also support every person who was left behind and those children who never returned home. We are left to mourn those children. They would have been our grandfathers today, our grandparents.”

The federal government estimates about 150,000 Indigenous children attended residential schools.

Read
Wednesday, Jul. 15, 2026
Chief Allan Adam of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation speaks during a press conference in Fort McMurray, Alta. on Friday May 30, 2014. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jason Franson

Alberta First Nation sues Ottawa over $5 treaty annuity, argues amount stuck in 1899

Jack Farrell, The Canadian Press 2 minute read Preview

Alberta First Nation sues Ottawa over $5 treaty annuity, argues amount stuck in 1899

Jack Farrell, The Canadian Press 2 minute read Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026

EDMONTON - A northern Alberta First Nation is suing the federal government to increase its annual treaty annuity payments.

Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Chief Allan Adam says the $5 his members receive every year is an amount that's stuck in 1899, when Treaty 8 was signed.

The payments date back to the signing of treaties across the country more than a century ago and were meant to provide assistance to First Nations members.

Depending on the treaty, annuity payments made to First Nations members across Canada total either $4 or $5, and have never increased.

Read
Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026
An attendee places children's shoes in memory of victims of Canada's residential school system during a ceremony on Truth and Reconciliation Day in Ottawa on Monday, Sept. 30, 2024. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Sean Kilpatrick
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Chiefs call on feds to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview
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Chiefs call on feds to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026

OTTAWA - First Nations chiefs say the federal government is enabling residential school denialism by failing to make it a crime.

The chiefs passed an emergency resolution at the Assembly of First Nations general meeting in Ottawa on Tuesday calling on the feds to criminalize residential school denialism as hate speech.

"Truth is not optional and reconciliation cannot exist without truth," said Chief David Monias of Pimicikamak Cree Nation.

"We must honour the survivors and we must honour every child who never came home."

Read
Thursday, Jul. 16, 2026
Assembly of First Nations National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak speaks at the annual First Nations Major Projects Coalition conference in Toronto on Thursday, April 30, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Sammy Kogan

Chief says assembly will tackle effect of major projects push on First Nations rights

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview

Chief says assembly will tackle effect of major projects push on First Nations rights

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Tuesday, Jul. 14, 2026

OTTAWA - Major projects and a coming meeting with Prime Minister Mark Carney and the premiers will be the main focus of the Assembly of First Nations annual general assembly this week, National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak said Monday.

The AFN gathering begins Tuesday and runs for three days.

Speaking alongside a handful of regional chiefs and First Nations representatives at a news conference, Woodhouse Nepinak blasted the federal government over its approach to major projects development and said it could threaten the rights of First Nations.

She said First Nations are not opposed to economic growth and are simply asking for a seat at the table as the federal government attempts to shore up the economy.

Read
Tuesday, Jul. 14, 2026
A conceptual illustration of a statue of Samuel de Champlain, proposed to be installed at a city park in Orillia, Ont., is shown in this undated handout image. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout - City of Orillia (Mandatory Credit)

Quebec municipalities express interest in Samuel de Champlain statue from Ontario

Erika Morris, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

Quebec municipalities express interest in Samuel de Champlain statue from Ontario

Erika Morris, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Monday, Jul. 13, 2026

Some Quebec municipalities and organizations are offering to take a controversial statue of Samuel de Champlain from an Ontario city in Simcoe County.

The nearly four-metre-tall bronze monument of the 17th century explorer and founder of Quebec City was removed from a park in Orillia, Ont., and placed in storage in 2017 following debate over its colonial imagery.

Orillia Mayor Don McIsaac said a wave of offers poured in after the city recently raised the possibility of melting the statue down.

“They say it's racist, it's not our history, it is an insult to Indigenous peoples,” McIsaac said in an interview about the controversy over the statue.

Read
Monday, Jul. 13, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                The 113-year-old Fort Garry Hotel was put up for sale in May and could sell for as much as $70 million.

Fort Garry Hotel on Métis federation’s radar

Scott Billeck 4 minute read Preview

Fort Garry Hotel on Métis federation’s radar

Scott Billeck 4 minute read Friday, Jul. 10, 2026

One of Winnipeg’s most iconic buildings, the Fort Garry Hotel on Broadway, is next on the Manitoba Métis Federation’s list of acquisitions.

“We are not done with our commitment to investing in Winnipeg’s downtown,” president David Chartrand said Friday, the same day the federation announced it has purchased the former National Research Council property on Ellice Avenue downtown.

“One potential new acquisition we’re considering, if the price is right and the partnership is positive, is the Fort Garry Hotel. It is an iconic part of Winnipeg’s history and its future, just like the Red River Métis,” Chartrand said.

The 113-year-old hotel was co-listed for sale in May by real estate brokerage firms Avison Young and Cushman & Wakefield Winnipeg, but doesn’t have a list price.

Read
Friday, Jul. 10, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                Wind turbines in southern Manitoba.

Westman residents fear power project’s wind turbines will sully their idyllic landscape

Julia-Simone Rutgers 17 minute read Preview

Westman residents fear power project’s wind turbines will sully their idyllic landscape

Julia-Simone Rutgers 17 minute read Friday, Jul. 10, 2026

POLONIA — Leonard Kaspick can list just about every household in the valley.

“There’s someone living right across the northeast, someone living behind here, about a quarter mile there’s a house there, then a half mile there’s another house there, I’m here, and then on top of the hill there’s someone else there,” he says, standing in the heart of the hamlet — a community hall just off the main drag.

Besides the hall and the smattering of homes, there’s a historic (though out-of-commission) church next door and a single general store further down the road.

“There’s less people here now than there was in 1885,” Kaspick, 83, jokes as he wraps up a condensed history of the western-Manitoba community.

Read
Friday, Jul. 10, 2026
An aerial view of Kinder Morgan's Trans Mountain marine terminal filling an oil tanker in Burnaby, B.C., is shown on Tuesday, May 29, 2018. THE CANADIAN PRESS Jonathan Hayward

B.C. First Nation challenges dredging plan to accommodate larger tankers in Vancouver

The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview

B.C. First Nation challenges dredging plan to accommodate larger tankers in Vancouver

The Canadian Press 3 minute read Friday, Jul. 10, 2026

NORTH VANCOUVER - A British Columbia First Nation says it has launched a legal challenge against a plan by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority to dredge Burrard Inlet to make room for oil tankers with larger loads to operate.

In a release, the Tsleil-Waututh Nation says it has filed for a judicial review, seeking to overturn the permits issued by the port authority to allow for the dredging to take place.

The plan calls for the dredging along northern and southern edges of the navigation channel in Vancouver's Burrard Inlet underneath the Second Narrows bridge, starting in September.

The Tsleil-Waututh Nation says while it understands the project's importance for Canada's trade needs, the approval process was "rushed" and did not address any of its concerns about the impacts of the operation — including the "risks of more fully laden oil tankers traversing the inlet."

Read
Friday, Jul. 10, 2026
Alberta Premier Danielle Smith, and Ontario Premier Doug Ford cook pancakes at the annual Stampede breakfast in Calgary, Monday, July 7, 2025. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jeff McIntosh

Premiers Smith, Ford unveil proposed west-east oil pipeline route

The Canadian Press 6 minute read Preview

Premiers Smith, Ford unveil proposed west-east oil pipeline route

The Canadian Press 6 minute read Tuesday, Jul. 7, 2026

CALGARY - Alberta Premier Danielle Smith and Ontario Premier Doug Ford unveiled Monday a route for a proposed west-east oil pipeline.

The two premiers say it would stretch 3,300 kilometres from Hardisty, Alta., to refineries in Sarnia, Ont., without crossing the U.S. border.

They made the announcement at the Calgary Stampede after the two leaders were up bright and early flipping pancakes at Smith's annual premier's breakfast.

An Ontario government brochure says the line, referred to as the Northern Shield Energy Corridor, would move 500,000 barrels of crude per day and help reduce Canada's need to import refined oil. It could be expanded to handle 800,000 barrels per day, the brochure says.

Read
Tuesday, Jul. 7, 2026
4333010_web1_19199497
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Roughing it (less): Handy items for novice campers to make the great outdoors tolerable

AV Kitching 8 minute read Preview
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Roughing it (less): Handy items for novice campers to make the great outdoors tolerable

AV Kitching 8 minute read Monday, Jul. 6, 2026

I hate camping.

I loathe the very idea of leaving the comfort and safety of home to sleep in a random field, where not only will I be exposed to the elements, but will also be at the mercy of all manner of creatures, from ursine to canine to insectan.

I do not want to hike up a hill just to share one outdoor tap with 12 others, standing alongside them as I brush my teeth.

I do not want to queue for 15 minutes, then part with a $2 coin to wedge myself into a shower stall just to stand under a piddly stream of lukewarm water while trying my best to swiftly soap up and sponge off lest I irk the rapidly growing line of campers outside.

Read
Monday, Jul. 6, 2026
SUPPLIED
                                A conceptual rendering of the Naawi-Oodena master plan released in 2021 on the site of the former Kapyong Barracks in south Winnipeg. A First Nations development group also hopes to construct a sports arena on site.

Feasibility study planned for arena on former Kapyong Barracks site

Malak Abas 3 minute read Preview

Feasibility study planned for arena on former Kapyong Barracks site

Malak Abas 3 minute read Sunday, Jul. 5, 2026

A First Nations development group is hoping to pull in prospective sports teams with plans to build an arena in south Winnipeg.

The Treaty One Development Corp. is exploring the feasibility of a 6,000-person arena in Naawi-Oodena, the former Kapyong Barracks site, on the southeast side at Taylor Avenue and Kenaston Boulevard.

The hope is to give aspiring athletes a large space to practice, and possibly even bring a junior or professional sports team to Winnipeg, said chief development officer Cody Mercer, who listed the Western Hockey League or National Lacrosse League as examples.

“Not just working for Treaty One, but also in our membership of the seven communities, there’s a ton of athletes, and really we see that when they’re getting to that higher level of hockey or anything like that, they’re having to move away,” he said. “We thought this is an idea that we can try to bring (in) a team.”

Read
Sunday, Jul. 5, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Glenn Joyal, as Chief Justice of Court of King’s Bench, issued a remarkable landmark ruling in May that will change the face of Indigenous relations, Sinclair writes.

Chief justice’s last act ‘revolutionary’ step forward

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview

Chief justice’s last act ‘revolutionary’ step forward

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Saturday, Jul. 4, 2026

Weeks before being nominated to the Supreme Court of Canada, Manitoba Court of King’s Bench Chief Justice Glenn Joyal appears to have done what virtually no other judge, including those on the Supreme Court, has done.

Read
Saturday, Jul. 4, 2026
JOHN WOODS / FREE PRESS
                                Barbara Bruce smudges artist Fredrick Spence in front of Maamaawi Naanaagadawendamowin.

New Kevin Walters Plaza graced by art with heart

Tiago Resko 4 minute read Preview

New Kevin Walters Plaza graced by art with heart

Tiago Resko 4 minute read Friday, Jul. 3, 2026

Tears fill the eyes of an Ojibwa sculptor from Peguis First Nation as he talks about the spiritual journey and deep friendships that came out of creating his first public art piece.

Read
Friday, Jul. 3, 2026
Mitch Sylvestre hold boxes of signatures before submitting signatures for a separation referendum to Elections Alberta in Edmonton, on Monday, May 4, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jason Franson

Alberta separatists gain partial court win, referendum petition to be verified

Jack Farrell, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview

Alberta separatists gain partial court win, referendum petition to be verified

Jack Farrell, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Tuesday, Jun. 30, 2026

EDMONTON - The group behind a petition for a separation referendum in Alberta has won a partial victory in court.

An Alberta Court of Appeal judge ruled on Monday that the signatures on the petition can be counted and verified and that the results can be shared publicly.

Justice Alice Woolley, in a written decision, said not verifying the signatures now could create more problems later on should things change with larger issues that have yet to be decided in court.

"People who signed the petition may move or die. They may change addresses or phone numbers. Trust and confidence in the security and integrity of the collected sheets will begin to erode (if they're not verified now),” Woolley wrote.

Read
Tuesday, Jun. 30, 2026
Vincent Escriba is shown in this undated handout photo taken in Zurich, Switzerland. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout - Vincent Escriba (Mandatory Credit)

Indigenous artifacts also deserve legal protection

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview

Indigenous artifacts also deserve legal protection

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Monday, Jun. 29, 2026

The trafficking of items of civilizational, cultural and historical significance is a global issue.

Read
Monday, Jun. 29, 2026
Aaron Epp / Free Press
                                Shelly Bulycz, right, the newly appointed CEO at the Indigenous Chamber of Commerce, with program manager Gabriel Louër after the organization’s annual general meeting at Red River College Polytech’s Notre Dame campus, Tuesday.

Indigenous Chamber of Commerce working to engage with members, increase membership

Aaron Epp 4 minute read Preview

Indigenous Chamber of Commerce working to engage with members, increase membership

Aaron Epp 4 minute read Friday, Jun. 26, 2026

Shelly Bulycz is good at many things, but retirement is not one of them.

Last August, Bulycz retired from her job as manager of community based programming at University College of the North and moved from The Pas to Winnipeg. She soon grew restless and by the end of October, she’d landed a job as the executive assistant at the Indigenous Chamber of Commerce.

In April, the chamber appointed her to be its second-ever chief executive officer.

“I enjoyed retirement for a month and a half, two months, and then decided I needed a job,” Bulycz said. “The rest is kind of history.”

Read
Friday, Jun. 26, 2026
Prime Minister Mark Carney, right, signs an MOU with Alberta Premier Danielle Smith in Calgary, Alta., Thursday, Nov. 27, 2025. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jeff McIntosh

Carney coming to Calgary Stampede, carrying message that separation is no magic wand

Lisa Johnson, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

Carney coming to Calgary Stampede, carrying message that separation is no magic wand

Lisa Johnson, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Friday, Jun. 26, 2026

Prime Minister Mark Carney is coming to next week’s Calgary Stampede, and plans to reiterate that quitting Canada will not be the magic wand separatists think it is.

Carney, taking questions from reporters in Ottawa on Thursday, said the fallout from the United Kingdom voting to leave the European Union a decade ago should serve as a clear cautionary tale.

"I saw firsthand what gets sold in these referenda, that everything's gonna be easy, that you can keep your passport, the currency — you can stay in the country and leave it at the same time," he said.

Carney said Alberta's vote comes when Canada is trying to be seen as a stable, reliable international trading partner.

Read
Friday, Jun. 26, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                Eagle feathers are regarded as sacred items by Indigenous Peoples. The eagle feather will now be offered by the Winnipeg Police Service for individuals swearing oaths.

Winnipeg police offer eagle feather as option for sworn statements

Nicole Buffie 3 minute read Preview

Winnipeg police offer eagle feather as option for sworn statements

Nicole Buffie 3 minute read Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026

The Winnipeg Police Service said Wednesday citizens and police officers have the option of swearing a legal oath by using an eagle feather.

Before the change, the options were to swear an oath on the Bible or make an affirmation.

Eagle feathers are regarded as sacred items by Indigenous Peoples, and when a person holds them, they’re expected to speak honestly, truthfully and with integrity. The feathers will be available at all division offices.

Sheila North, the external Indigenous relations adviser for the police service, said not everyone is comfortable with swearing on the Bible.

Read
Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026
ZOE PIERCE / FREE PRESS
                                ‘It’s nice to spend time outside instead of being inside all day,’ says Grade 7 student JJ Swidersky.

Grade 7 students learn about environment in Seine River cleanup

Zoe Pierce 4 minute read Preview

Grade 7 students learn about environment in Seine River cleanup

Zoe Pierce 4 minute read Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026

On a rainy Wednesday morning, Grade 7 students from École Lacerte traded their classroom desks for rubber boots as they headed out along the Seine River to help plant native shrubs, test water quality, and clean up the riverbank.

JJ Swidersky, one of about 40 students taking part in the work, says protecting the environment is important to him and his classmates.

“Planting the trees, planting the shrubs,” Swidersky said when asked about his favourite part of the effort. “Just trying to keep the river clean, trying to keep it as clean as we possibly can.”

The planting Swidersky is referring to is part of the Niakwa Trail Rain Garden, which is located next to the St. Anne’s Superstore.

Read
Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026
Vincent Escriba is shown in this undated handout photo taken in Zurich, Switzerland. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout - Vincent Escriba (Mandatory Credit)
No Subscription Required

Swiss collector wants thousands of Indigenous artifacts returned to communities

Brittany Hobson, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview
No Subscription Required

Swiss collector wants thousands of Indigenous artifacts returned to communities

Brittany Hobson, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026

WINNIPEG - A Swiss collector who has amassed thousands of Indigenous artifacts said he is eager to have his collection repatriated back to the communities it came from.

Vincent Escriba has accumulated 3,500 ceremonial and traditional items, including cradleboards, sacred pipes and firearms, believed to be associated with the period of the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

The 67-year-old previously housed the items in a museum he ran in Switzerland that closed last year after Escriba decided to retire.

Escriba has been speaking with a group of First Nations leaders and advocates in Manitoba about transferring the collection to Indigenous groups in the United States and Canada for a cost.

Read
Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026
Coun. Karl Stone, left to right, Dakota Tipi First Nation Manitoba and Cree advocate Coleen Rajotte and community advocate Gerald Neufeld take part in a news conference in Winnipeg on Tuesday June 23, 2026.  THE CANADIAN PRESS/Brittany Hobson
No Subscription Required

‘Whatever it takes:’ Indigenous group seeks help repatriating items from Switzerland

Brittany Hobson, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview
No Subscription Required

‘Whatever it takes:’ Indigenous group seeks help repatriating items from Switzerland

Brittany Hobson, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026

Sacred pipes, intricately beaded regalia and firearms believed to be associated with the period of the Battle of the Little Bighorn are some of the thousands of Indigenous artifacts a group of First Nations leaders and advocates are trying to repatriate from Switzerland.

Read
Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026
FILE - U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, right, and Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs Bryan Newland, left, listen as April Hiosik Ignacio, center, speaks, Jan. 20, 2023, in Laveen, Ariz. (AP Photo/Matt York, File)

As Native American boarding schools project ends, survivors describe feeling honored and restored

Nancy Marie Spears/the Imprint, The Associated Press 6 minute read Preview

As Native American boarding schools project ends, survivors describe feeling honored and restored

Nancy Marie Spears/the Imprint, The Associated Press 6 minute read Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026

Hundreds of Indigenous people have testified. They’ve sobbed, cursed and laughed in spite of it all. Many told stories about their time in boarding schools that they’ve kept inside for decades, finally able to begin recovering from childhood trauma.

An oral history project led by the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition is wrapping up in Tulsa, Oklahoma on Friday. To date, the nonprofit’s historians have collected video testimony from more than 360 Indigenous survivors in 19 states — stories set to be preserved in the Library of Congress for years to come.

Iona Mad Plume, who is Blackfeet and grew up on her tribe’s reservation in Montana, said she “can’t emphasize enough” how healing her experience was. She testified in front of a video camera last month in Billings about her time in the Pierre Indian School in South Dakota, where she was sent at age 14.

Mad Plume, now 74, said since her interview she’s been more grounded and has been able to let go of some of the haunting memories: a dusty blue Greyhound bus driving her away from her parents’ red pickup truck. School staff beating her with a wooden dowel as she cowered on a bunk bed in her dorm room. Eating corn meal or cereal littered with weevil bugs.

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Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2026
Ontario Power Generation signage is seen facility at the Darlington Power Complex, in Bowmanville, Ont., on May 31, 2019. Ontario's public generating company has pulled the plug on its plan to bury hazardous radioactive waste near the Lake Huron shoreline. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Cole Burston

Several First Nations sign deal with Ottawa, Ontario to own part of a nuclear reactor

Liam Casey, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Preview

Several First Nations sign deal with Ottawa, Ontario to own part of a nuclear reactor

Liam Casey, The Canadian Press 3 minute read Thursday, Jun. 25, 2026

Several Ontario First Nations are set to become owners of a new nuclear reactor after striking a commercial partnership with the federal and provincial governments.

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Thursday, Jun. 25, 2026
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