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The Free Press Social Studies Grade 12 Education Subject Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities

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Land and Treaties: Relationships and Responsibilities

Please review each article prior to use: grade-level applicability and curricular alignment might not be obvious from the headline alone.

A Canadian Tire logo is displayed on a store in Ottawa on Friday, Aug. 11, 2023. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Sean Kilpatrick
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Washing ceremony marks settlement of Canadian Tire racial profiling complaint

Ashley Joannou and Darryl Greer, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Preview
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Washing ceremony marks settlement of Canadian Tire racial profiling complaint

Ashley Joannou and Darryl Greer, The Canadian Press 5 minute read Thursday, Jun. 11, 2026

VANCOUVER - The sounds of Indigenous drums and song bounced off the walls of an East Vancouver banquet hall Tuesday evening as members of British Columbia's Heiltsuk Nation gathered for a traditional washing ceremony years in the making.

Dawn Wilson and her father Richard filed a human rights complaint against Canadian Tire and security company Blackbird Security over a racial profiling incident at a store in Coquitlam.

Canadian Tire acknowledged its former employee contravened the human rights code against racial profiling and discrimination when they searched Richard Wilson's bag in 2020.

The ceremony, held at the Croatian Cultural Centre on Commercial Drive, drew dozens to take part in the cultural healing process. Dawn Wilson thanked representatives of both companies for showing up.

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Thursday, Jun. 11, 2026
PHIL HOSSACK / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Robert Wavey will co-chair the advisory group.

Hydro advisory circle brings ‘wealth of Indigenous perspectives’

Carol Sanders 5 minute read Preview

Hydro advisory circle brings ‘wealth of Indigenous perspectives’

Carol Sanders 5 minute read Tuesday, May. 19, 2026

The board of Manitoba Hydro has appointed an Indigenous advisory circle as part of the Crown corporation’s reconciliation efforts.

Former Fox Lake Cree Nation chief and Keeyask Hydropower Limited Partnership board chair Robert Wavey will co-chair the group with Manitoba Hydro board chairman Jamie Wilson. The provincial government ordered the creation of the advisory circle in its 2023 mandate letter to Hydro’s board.

“I think we wanted to get everything right on this one,” Wilson said when asked why it has taken more than two years to appoint Indigenous advisers.

“This is a pretty fantastic group of people from a diverse background, including communities that are directly impacted by Hydro development in the past,” the first Indigenous chairman of the Manitoba Hydro board said in an interview Tuesday.

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Tuesday, May. 19, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Manitoba Court of King’s Bench Chief justice Glenn Joyal issued a sweeping ruling that federal and provincial governments breached the constitutional rights of First Nations via child-welfare funding.
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This not just in: treaty rights carry legal force and are protected in the Constitution

Tom Brodbeck 5 minute read Preview
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This not just in: treaty rights carry legal force and are protected in the Constitution

Tom Brodbeck 5 minute read Tuesday, May. 19, 2026

More than a century after the numbered treaties were signed across Western Canada, the courts delivered a blunt reminder last week that those agreements are not ancient historical footnotes.

They still carry legal force and governments cannot ignore them.

Two major court rulings — one in Manitoba and one in Alberta — reinforced a reality many Canadians still do not fully understand: treaties between First Nations and the Crown remain constitutionally protected agreements that continue to shape Canadian law, public policy and governments’ obligations today.

The decisions also underscored something else: Canadians would benefit greatly from learning more about treaties, why they were negotiated as Canada expanded westward and why courts continue to uphold Indigenous and treaty rights.

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Tuesday, May. 19, 2026
Prime Minister Mark Carney participates in a signing ceremony with Alberta Premier Danielle Smith in Calgary on Friday, May 15, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jeff McIntosh

Alberta’s timing targets for West Coast pipeline ‘best-case scenario’: CIBC analysts

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview

Alberta’s timing targets for West Coast pipeline ‘best-case scenario’: CIBC analysts

Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Wednesday, May. 20, 2026

CALGARY - The targeted timeline the Alberta government set out for construction to begin on a potential new West Coast oil pipeline is ambitious, with many obstacles yet to clear, analysts at CIBC World Markets wrote in a recent report.

The province aims to submit a proposal to the federal major projects office by July 1, have it designated a project of national interest by Oct. 1 and get shovels in the ground as early as Sept. 1, 2027. Oil could begin to flow around 2033 or 2034, a provincial official told a media background briefing last week.

"While we are encouraged by the continued sense of urgency, we would characterize these timelines as optimistic and reflective of a best-case scenario," analysts Robert Catellier and Rogan Anantharajah wrote in a Monday industry update.

The Alberta government laid out those targets Friday after it and Ottawa finalized one of the last outstanding elements of the energy accord they signed late last year: an agreement on how the market price on carbon is to gradually increase to $130 a tonne by 2040.

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Wednesday, May. 20, 2026
RUTH BONNEVILLE / FREE PRESS
                                People for Education co-executive director Paris Semansky says the rest of Canada has a lot to learn from Winnipeg about implementing the TRC’s calls to action.
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People for Education explore convergence of public education and truth and reconciliation

Maggie Macintosh 4 minute read Preview
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People for Education explore convergence of public education and truth and reconciliation

Maggie Macintosh 4 minute read Sunday, May. 17, 2026

A national charity is putting Manitoba’s school system under the microscope as it develops a plan to protect and bolster publicly funded classrooms across Canada.

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Sunday, May. 17, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Dalhousie School is named after George Ramsay, also known as Lord Dalhousie, a pro-slave British nobleman who espoused racist views of Black people.

Fort Richmond elementary school shedding racist lord’s name

Maggie Macintosh 4 minute read Preview

Fort Richmond elementary school shedding racist lord’s name

Maggie Macintosh 4 minute read Friday, May. 15, 2026

Dalhousie School is undergoing a rebrand so it’s no longer affiliated with a Scottish soldier, lord and colonial leader who supported slavery.

The Pembina Trails School Division put a out a call this week for suggestions to rename the elementary building located at 262 Dalhousie Dr.

Its current namesake is George Ramsay, also known as Lord Dalhousie or the ninth Earl of Dalhousie — a title of nobility passed down in his prominent Scottish clan.

“Our whole slogan is, ‘Our differences make us strong,’” said Evi Klostermaier, acting principal of the kindergarten-to-Grade 5 school in Fort Richmond.

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Friday, May. 15, 2026
RUTH BONNEVILLE / FREE PRESS FILES
                                Federal Northern and Arctic Affairs Minister Rebecca Chartrand says the four projects will deliver modern, reliable internet to 2,309 households.
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$61-M investment in high-speed Internet planned for northern First Nations

Carol Sanders 4 minute read Preview
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$61-M investment in high-speed Internet planned for northern First Nations

Carol Sanders 4 minute read Friday, May. 15, 2026

More homes on remote Manitoba First Nations will have access to high-speed Internet that most Canadians take for granted thanks to $61 million in new federal funding.

“Your communities have been living way too long without internet,” federal Northern and Arctic Affairs Minister Rebecca Chartrand told a gathering at Wasagamack Anisininew Nation Thursday. The MP for northern Manitoba said the four projects will deliver modern, reliable internet to 2,309 households.

“This really is a public safety issue and an equity issue,” Chartrand said in the community 600 kilometres north of Winnipeg that’s accessible by air, water and winter road.

“The lack of broadband has been a public safety failure. When families can’t call for help or nurses can’t access files or lives are at risk when you’re travelling roads without phone service, without internet,” she said.

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Friday, May. 15, 2026
Assembly of First Nations National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak speaks at the annual First Nations Major Projects Coalition conference in Toronto on Thursday, April 30, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Sammy Kogan
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AFN chief warns against changes to major projects development rules, calls for debate

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview
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AFN chief warns against changes to major projects development rules, calls for debate

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Monday, Jun. 8, 2026

OTTAWA - The national chief of the Assembly of First Nations says proposed changes to major project development rules are "not acceptable" and risk trampling on the rights of First Nations.

The federal government is proposing to grant authority to review interprovincial pipelines and transmission lines, and offshore renewable energy projects, to the Canada Energy Regulator instead of the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada.

The proposal, which will undergo a 30-day consultation process, would undo the move the Liberals made eight years ago to create the Impact Assessment Agency as a one-stop shop for all national project reviews.

National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak told The Canadian Press the proposed changes "demonstrate a pattern of exclusion" and she rejects the compressed timeline to submit feedback.

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Monday, Jun. 8, 2026
SUPPLIED
                                Those who knew his career beleive there’s ‘no question’ that late Indigenous basketball player Alex Garrow should be inducted into the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame.
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Indigenous hoopster’s son on mission to get dad inducted into Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame

Joshua Frey-Sam 8 minute read Preview
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Indigenous hoopster’s son on mission to get dad inducted into Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame

Joshua Frey-Sam 8 minute read Thursday, May. 14, 2026

Terry Garrow already received his flowers. Now he’s on a mission to make sure his late father gets his.

By his estimation, his father has been overlooked for far too long when it comes to recognizing the most influential players, fearless leaders and forward-thinking builders who have helped shape Canadian basketball.

He understands that his pleas come from a point of bias, but that doesn’t change the facts in his mind: Alex Garrow deserves to be in the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame.

Not for the success he experienced during a short career in the early 1960s, but for his resilience as a trailblazer during a time in which Indigenous athletes were largely an afterthought. And how fitting it would be for Alex to be the first Indigenous player immortalized.

Read
Thursday, May. 14, 2026
Conservative MP Aaron Gunn responds to journalists' questions before a meeting of the Conservative caucus on Parliament Hill in Ottawa on Wednesday, Nov. 5, 2025. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang
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Tories question CBC funding of spoof-style Indigenous show on residential schools

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 7 minute read Preview
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Tories question CBC funding of spoof-style Indigenous show on residential schools

Alessia Passafiume, The Canadian Press 7 minute read Friday, May. 15, 2026

OTTAWA - Conservatives are questioning why CBC is funding a spoof program that used false pretences to lure high-profile people accused of downplaying the damage caused by residential schools into sitting for interviews.

Several current and former Conservative politicians have gone on social media to denounce the production “Northland Tales." The show is being produced for CBC and APTN.

The show is described by the Indigenous Screen Office — which works to increase Indigenous media representation using federal funding — as a satire program meant to “flip the script” on modern and historical injustices against Indigenous Peoples.

Frances Widdowson, who has described herself as a “known controversial figure” and has publicly questioned the history of residential schools and unmarked graves of children at the site of a former school in Kamloops, described her interview for the show in a video posted to social media this week.

Read
Friday, May. 15, 2026
MARTIN LUSSIER / CRNM
                                Deb Elias delivers an apology on behalf of the College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba at a ceremony Wednesday morning.
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College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba apologizes to Indigenous people

Tyler Searle 4 minute read Preview
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College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba apologizes to Indigenous people

Tyler Searle 4 minute read Wednesday, May. 13, 2026

The regulatory body that oversees registered nurses in Manitoba has issued a formal apology to acknowledge its role in racism against Indigenous people and pledged to do better.

“This apology is long overdue,” Deb Elias, registrar of the College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba, told a crowd of health care providers and dignitaries from First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities who gathered to witness the apology.

“As the largest health-care profession in Manitoba, registered nurses have been part of the problem and must be part of the solution in ensuring safe care for everyone.”

The announcement coincided with National Nurses week, which began Monday and will conclude May 17.

Read
Wednesday, May. 13, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS files
                                The Manitoba flag flies at the legislature in 2024. A Probe Research poll taken that year found 49 per cent of Manitobans would support creating a new flag for the province.
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Manitoba’s flag: A symbol of shared heritage at 60

John Andrew Hart 5 minute read Preview
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Manitoba’s flag: A symbol of shared heritage at 60

John Andrew Hart 5 minute read Wednesday, May. 13, 2026

On a fair spring afternoon 60 years ago, the Flag of Manitoba made its debut at the provincial legislature. In what the Winnipeg Free Press called an “impressive ceremony,” then-lieutenant-governor Richard Bowles formally proclaimed the new provincial flag on May 12, 1966.

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Wednesday, May. 13, 2026
Joshua A. Bickel / The Associated Press
                                The Port of Churchill remains a focus for Premier Wab Kinew despite questions about its economic viability and ability to operate year-round.

Churchill project not worth the risk

Deveryn Ross 4 minute read Preview

Churchill project not worth the risk

Deveryn Ross 4 minute read Tuesday, May. 12, 2026

Premier Wab Kinew is banking on the redevelopment of the Port of Churchill as the game-changing project that will put Manitoba back in the black. That’s a risky bet for several reasons.

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Tuesday, May. 12, 2026
Carolyn Kaster / THE CANADIAN PRESS FILES
                                The province is offering free immunization for hepatitis A to those most at risk.

Health officials working to control hepatitis A outbreak in province

Carol Sanders 4 minute read Preview

Health officials working to control hepatitis A outbreak in province

Carol Sanders 4 minute read Monday, May. 11, 2026

Public health officials are battling a hepatitis A outbreak in Manitoba not seen in decades.

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Monday, May. 11, 2026
Minister of National Defence David J. McGuinty rises during Question Period in the House of Commons on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, on Thursday, May 7, 2026. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Spencer Colby
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Federal government dismisses calls for radar sites to remain as farmland

Kyle Duggan, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Preview
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Federal government dismisses calls for radar sites to remain as farmland

Kyle Duggan, The Canadian Press 4 minute read Wednesday, Jun. 3, 2026

OTTAWA - The federal government has rejected calls from some residents in southern Ontario to find other spots to set up planned Arctic over-the-horizon radar installations in order to preserve farmland.

Parliament received a flurry of petitions in recent months criticizing National Defence for buying up plots of quality farmland near Barrie, Ont., for the new radar system, and calling on Ottawa to register the land under an agricultural trust.

The government says the long-range radar, a $6 billion project to modernize Norad surveillance equipment, will make detecting threats in Arctic airspace faster and easier.

The federal government bought 288 hectares of land in Clearview Township, west of Barrie, for an antenna receiver site, upsetting local residents. It also acquired land for a transmitter site in Kawartha Lakes, about 70 km north of Oshawa, Ont.

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Wednesday, Jun. 3, 2026
Workers lay pipe during construction of the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion on farmland, in Abbotsford, B.C., on Wednesday, May 3, 2023. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck

Economic growth now tops environment as priority in energy policy, poll suggests

David Baxter, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Preview

Economic growth now tops environment as priority in energy policy, poll suggests

David Baxter, The Canadian Press 6 minute read Tuesday, May. 12, 2026

OTTAWA - More Canadians now say economic growth should be a bigger priority in Canada's energy policy than protecting the environment, a new Angus Reid Institute report suggests.

The pollster released a report Monday indicating 61 per cent of Canadians now see economic growth as the biggest priority in energy policy. The question offered two options on the top priority shaping federal energy policy: economic growth or environmental protection.

That's a shift in public opinion since seven years ago, when the same question had 55 per cent of Canadians saying the environment should be the top priority in energy policy.

Shachi Kurl, Angus Reid Institute president, said climate change was a top issue for voters in both the 2019 and 2021 elections, but opinion research shows the sense of urgency surrounding it has been declining in recent years.

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Tuesday, May. 12, 2026
ADRIAN WYLD / THE CANADIAN PRESS
                                Prime Minister Mark Carney selected former Supreme Court justice Louise Arbour as the country’s 31st Governor General.
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Someone call the PM: next governor general doesn’t speak a single Indigenous language

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Preview
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Someone call the PM: next governor general doesn’t speak a single Indigenous language

Niigaan Sinclair 5 minute read Friday, May. 8, 2026

This week, Prime Minister Mark Carney selected former Supreme Court justice Louise Arbour as the country’s 31st governor general.

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Friday, May. 8, 2026
(Tim Smith for The Narwhal)
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Nature is a big part of the Canadian economy — but how big? We crunched the numbers.

Julia-Simone Rutgers 8 minute read Preview
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Nature is a big part of the Canadian economy — but how big? We crunched the numbers.

Julia-Simone Rutgers 8 minute read Friday, May. 8, 2026

Canada’s vast landscape, which boasts 20 per cent of the world’s freshwater, a quarter of global wetlands and 28 per cent of its boreal forests, is critical to its economy. Natural resource industries — forests, farms, fisheries, mining and oil and gas — together make up approximately seven per cent of Canada’s gross domestic product.

Tension exists between expanding these industrialized sectors and protecting the ecosystems on which they depend.

In Manitoba, some worry protecting the Seal River Watershed, which spans more than 50,000 square kilometres in the province’s north, will hinder opportunities in mineral resources and hydro; to the east, critical mineral mining ambitions in Ontario’s Ring of Fire clash with the protection of the Hudson and James Bay Lowlands, the second-largest carbon sink on earth; and in B.C., Coastal First Nations have protested that lifting the large tanker ban through their waters will endanger the protected Great Bear Rainforest.

These tensions make it easy to frame nature as the antithesis of economic activity, if it’s always put in opposition to projects that are described as growing Canada’s wealth, sovereignty and security.

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Friday, May. 8, 2026
Remains of an encampment on the Red River that runs along Waterfront Drive as seen in April. (Mike Deal / Free Press files)
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City missing opportunity to help the homeless, save significant amount of money

Dan Lett 5 minute read Preview
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City missing opportunity to help the homeless, save significant amount of money

Dan Lett 5 minute read Wednesday, May. 6, 2026

By all accounts, Winnipeg could face a tsunami of homelessness this summer. And, by many of those same accounts, Winnipeg is woefully unprepared.

Last month, End Homelessness Winnipeg released a new audit of the number of people living on Winnipeg streets and found that it had risen exponentially over the last year. The best, current estimate is that more than 8,200 Winnipeggers were living without adequate housing, and over half that number meeting the definition of chronic homelessness.

Agencies that support the homeless population have warned the city and province that warmer weather usually expands the number of people living rough on the streets. They have pleaded for more immediate help to deal with this impending crisis.

Government is responding, albeit rather unevenly.

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Wednesday, May. 6, 2026
No Subscription Required

Man takes First Nation to court over banishment

Erik Pindera 4 minute read Tuesday, May. 5, 2026

A Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation man argues bylaws that authorize mandatory checkstops to enter the community and the banishment of band members from reserve lands are unconstitutional.

Terry Wayne Francois, with lawyers funded by the Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms working on his behalf, filed a statement of claim in Manitoba’s Court of King’s Bench last week.

The claim names the First Nation, about 80 kilometres west of Thompson, as defendant. The community, also known as Nelson House, has yet to reply in court.

Francois argues two of the community’s bylaws violate multiple Charter of Rights and Freedoms protections and should be struck down by a judge as unconstitutional.

Josh Pearlman Photo, File
                                There are disagreements about how northern Manitoba’s pristine Seal River watershed should be formally protected.
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Conservation shouldn’t come at the cost of access

Carly Deacon 5 minute read Preview
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Conservation shouldn’t come at the cost of access

Carly Deacon 5 minute read Tuesday, May. 5, 2026

The Seal River Watershed in northern Manitoba is one of the last great intact ecosystems in North America.

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Tuesday, May. 5, 2026
MIKE DEAL / FREE PRESS FILES
                                President of the Manitoba Métis Federation, David Chartrand, was awarded court costs of $6.02 million after being unsuccessfully sued by the Métis National Council last year.
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Chartrand lauds court decision as ‘victory for Red River Métis’

Kevin Rollason 4 minute read Preview
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Chartrand lauds court decision as ‘victory for Red River Métis’

Kevin Rollason 4 minute read Monday, May. 4, 2026

The president of the Manitoba Métis Federation and others have been awarded nearly $12 million in legal fees after an unfounded and unreasonable attack by the Métis National Council, a judge has ruled.

Ontario Superior Court Justice Loretta Merritt said in a 15-page decision released on Monday that she was awarding court costs of $6.02 million to MMF president David Chartrand, $1.3 million to Clement Chartier, the MNC’s former president for almost two decades, and $2.06 million to former MNC executive director Wenda Watteyne.

The judge also awarded $2.4 million in costs to several consulting firms and consultants whose reputations were damaged when they were  falsely accused by the MNC of aiding the unfounded allegations of financial impropriety.

“Mr. Chartier and president (Chartrand) have devoted their lives to advancing the interests of the Métis nation,” Merritt wrote. “Ms. Watteyne dedicated the vast majority of her career to the service of the Métis community.

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Monday, May. 4, 2026
MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS
                                Brandon Murdock at CEDA on Friday. He is trying to finish a degree he started in 2012 in part to be a role model for his son.

Study probes experiences of Indigenous grads

Maggie Macintosh 5 minute read Preview

Study probes experiences of Indigenous grads

Maggie Macintosh 5 minute read Monday, May. 4, 2026

Brandon Murdock recalled thinking in 2020 that, despite his struggling academic performance, he had “a solid case” to remain enrolled at the University of Winnipeg.

Murdock was mistaken — it didn’t matter that he’d missed a voluntary course withdrawal date because he’d been overwhelmed with grief amid a wave of COVID-19-related deaths in Fisher River Cree Nation, the 31-year-old said.

There was little slack for a student who had already been suspended once before. His arts degree program, which he began in 2012, was initially put on hold in 2015 because his attendance, grades and motivation suffered during a family health crisis.

Murdock shared those challenges, among others he’s faced as a first-generation university student who grew up in foster care, as part of a recent study about the experiences of Indigenous and racialized Grade 12 graduates in Winnipeg.

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Monday, May. 4, 2026
Masked demonstrators sit atop drilling equipment on Thursday, April 30, 2026, in Pennington County, S.D., with a banner reading Sacred ground not mining bound. (Angel White Eyes via AP)

Tribes sue to halt exploratory drilling in Black Hills near sacred ceremonial site

Sarah Raza, The Associated Press 5 minute read Preview

Tribes sue to halt exploratory drilling in Black Hills near sacred ceremonial site

Sarah Raza, The Associated Press 5 minute read Tuesday, May. 5, 2026

SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) — Nine Native American tribes in South Dakota, North Dakota and Nebraska are suing the federal government in a bid to stop exploratory drilling for graphite near a sacred site in the Black Hills.

A small group of opponents has been demonstrating at the drilling location and at the mining company's headquarters in what they call a land defense effort since they learned ground was broken on the drilling project in late April.

The tribes filed their federal lawsuit Thursday in South Dakota against the U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Department of Agriculture, alleging the agencies violated federal law by greenlighting a project near a site called Pe’Sla, a meadow in the central Black Hills used for tribal ceremonies, prayer and youth camps year-round. Buffalo regularly graze at the site, the suit said, adding the project poses a threat to wildlife.

Graphite has many industrial uses, including in batteries, lubricants, certain auto parts and in blast furnaces, according to website of the European Carbon and Graphite Association.

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Tuesday, May. 5, 2026
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